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Rockie Mountain National Park
ANATOMICAL POSITION
1. Standing erect
2. Head facing forward
3. Upper extremity hanging by side, palm of hand facing forward
4. Lower limbs together with toes pointing forward
ANATOMICAL PLANES
MEDIAN PLANE
Imaginary vertical plane passing longitudinally through the body from front to back, dividing it into right and left halves.
SAGITTAL PLANES
Imaginary vertical plane passing through the body parallel to the median plane.
CORONAL PLANES (Frontal)
Imaginary vertical plane passing through the body at right angles to the median plane, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions.
HORIZONTAL PLANES (Transverse)
Imaginary planes passing through the body at right angles to both the median and coronal planes (parallel to the horizon).
COMMONLY USED TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP AND COMPARISON
ANTERIOR (VENTRAL) Nearer to the front
POSTERIOR (DORSAL) Nearer to the back
MEDIAL Nearer to the median plane
LATERAL Farther from the median plane
SUPERIOR (CRANIAL) Nearer to the head
INFERIOR (CAUDAL) Nearer to the feet
PROXIMAL Nearer to the trunk or point of origin
DISTAL Farther from the trunk or point of origin
SUPERFICIAL Nearer to or on the surface
DEEP Farther from the surface
CENTRAL Nearer to the center
PERIPHERAL Farther away from the center
Sacral Hiatus
7 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
4-5 Coccygeal
Sacral Cornu Sacral Cornu
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
* Vertebral Canal Contains spinal cord
Pedicle
Lamina
Sp
ino
us
Pro
cess
Transvers
e Pro
cess
Intervertebral Foramen
Body
*
TYPICAL VERTEBRA
Sp
ino
us
Pro
ce
ss
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Supraspinous Ligament
Body
VERTEBRAL LIGAMENTS
Ligamentum Flavum
Lamina
Vertebral Spinous Process
Vertebral Body
Intervertebral Disc
Supraspinous LigamentAnterior Longitudinal Ligament
Ligamentum Flavum
Intervertebral Foramen
VERTEBRAL LIGAMENTS
Pia Mater
Dorsal Root of Spinal NerveDorsal Rootletsof Spinal Nerve
Dura Arachnoid Sleeve
Ventral Root of Spinal Nerve
MENINGES OF SPINAL CORD
3 Meningeal Layers Dura Mater Arachnoid Subarachnoid Space Pia Mater
Subarachnoid Space
Dura Arachnoid Sleeve
Conus Medullaris L2
Cauda EquinaInternal Filum Terminal
Termination of Dural Sac S4External Filum Terminal
Spinal Cord Covered with Pia Mater
Iliac Crest L4
SPINAL CORD
8 Cervical Spinal Nerves
12 Thoracic Spinal Nerves
5 Lumbar Spinal Nerves
5 Sacral Spinal Nerves
Cauda Equina
End of Dura Arachnoid Sleeve
Dura Arachnoid Sleeve
DISC HERNIATION
C8
T9
L4
S1
T9
L4
Subarachnoid Space
1 Coccygeal Spinal Nerve
Subclavian Artery
Vertebral Artery
Posterior intercostal Arteries
Lumbar Arteries
Lateral Sacral Artery
Segmental Arteries (Radicular)
Posterior Spinal ArteriesAnterior Spinal Artery
ANTERIOR VIEW POSTERIOR VIEW
Intervertebral Artery
External Venous Plexus
External Venous Plexus
Internal Venous Plexus
Intervertebral Vein
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BATSON’S PLEXUS OF VEINS
Glacier National Park
1 – Trapezius CN XI
Test: shoulder shrug
2 - Latissimus Dorsi Thoracodorsal Nerve
Test: arm extension*Thoracolumbar Fascia
SUPERFICIAL BACK MUSCLES – SUPERFICIAL LAYER
*
1
2
*Thoracolumbar Fascia
SUPERFICIAL BACK MUSCLES – INTERMEDIATE LAYER
1 – Levator Scapulae2 – Rhomboid Minor3 – Rhomboid Major
Dorsal scapular n. (C5)
Elevate and retract scapula
*
1
2
3
SUPERFICIAL BACK MUSCLES – DEEP LAYER
1 – Serratus Posterior Superior
2 – Serratus Posterior Inferior
ventral rami of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves
1
2
Lumbar Triangle Site of potential herniations
1 – External Abdominal Oblique
2 – Quadratus Lumborum (floor)
3 – Latissimus Dorsi (reflected)
4 – Iliac Crest
Triangle of Auscultation
1 – Trapezius
*Inferior angle of the scapula
2 – Latissimus
TRIANGLES OF THE BACK
*
*
Upper Lobe of Lung
Lower Lobe of Lung
Oblique Fissure
1
1
2
32
1
DEEP BACK MUSCLES
1 – Semispinalis2 – Splenius
Suboccipital Triangle
Contents Vertebral a & v
1
2
12
3
Erector Spinae Muscles
1 – Spinalis 2 – Longissimus 3 – Iliocostalis
Function
extension of the vertebral column & head
Lateral rotation of the vertebral column & head
Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
Frozen Tundra at 13,000 ft
