Pakistan pro- poor solid waste management- Saadullah Ayaz

Pro-poor and Sustainable Solid Waste Management for Secondary Cities and Small

Towns

IUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature

Saadullah Ayaz

IUCN Pakistan

Solid Waste Management Situation~ main challenges in urban areas of Pakistan?

Solid Waste generation in Pak(Source: Ministry of Environment 2004)

Total Production= 20.024 million tones/ year

or 59 thousand tones/ day (approx)


or 59 thousand tones/ day (approx)

(discluding 3% hazardous waste)

Per capita= 0.61 kg/ day (average for cities)

0.23 kg/capita/day (avg. sub- urban and rural areas)

Growth rate= 2.4% per year (approx)

Waste composition (% weight) (sample: 6 cities Karachi, Hyderabad, Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta)

(Source: Ministry of Environment 2004)

Type of Solid waste Percentage by weight

Food waste (kitchen garbage, vegetables, fruits) 21.7Yard waste (braches/ twigs, leaves/ grass) 17.1Animal waste 9.1Soil/ rubble 9.2Textile based material 7.4Plastics (all types) 7.1


Plastics (all types) 7.1Glass 6.27Paper 6.0Rubber (tyres, gaskets, old footwear) 5.3Wood (lumber, wood products/ residue) 3.2Hospital waste 2.1Ferrous metal (iron, steel, tins) 1.8Non- ferrous metal (aluminum, copper, brass, lead) < 1Bones and ash <1Ceramics <1Other waste <1

Methods for DisposalAverage taken of five cities

Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi/ Islamabad and Peshawar(Source: Ministry of Environment 2004)

Practice Percentage by weight

MSW brought to designated dumping site 28.6

Garbage thrown in open spaces 27.8

Dumped in or near water bodies/ drainage 16.3

Rubbish burned in the open 10.4


Rubbish burned in the open 10.4

Collected recyclables 7.23

Composting (formal and informal) 5. 21

Brought to a sanitary landfill (Lahore only) 4.20

Collection coverage

52- 69 percent in cities

3-9.4 percent in sub- urban and rural areas

Recycling Situation/ Industry

- Almost 20-30 percent of solid waste in Pakistan is recycled

- Recycling is done informally and not regulated anywhere in Pakistan~no basic recycling rules available

- Mostly done by scavengers, who sell these recyclables of scrapmerchants


merchants

- No formal recycling industry exists, these material are recycled asadditional raw material by production industry (small industry)

- Major recycled items include; paper, plastic, glass, metal (iron,aluminum, lead)

- Rubber/ tyres are used as additive fuel in brick kiln industry

Government of Pakistan Policies and Programmes

on Solid Waste Management

National Environmental Policy, Gov. of Pakistan (2005) Clause 3.3

states “solid waste may be prevented and reduced) and proposes;

a. Strict enforcement of National Environmental Quality Standards andMonitoring and Reporting System,


g. Encourage reduction, recycling and reusing of Municipal Solid Waste,

i. Develop and enforce rules and regulations for proper management ofmunicipal, hazardous and hospital waste,

Programme: Ministry of Health, Gov. of Pakistan launched a waste

management plan (May 2009) for hospital waste in all provinces of Pakistanwith cost of PKR. 1.6 Billion

CDM project in in Pakistan (SWM)(only One)

Composting of Organic Content of Municipal Solid Waste inLahore, Pakistan

Methodology: Approved baseline and monitoring methodologyAM0025 version 9. Titled “Avoided emissions fromorganic waste through alternative waste treatmentprocesses”


processes”

Objectives:

- Produce organic fertilizer from solid municipal organic waste through stateof the art aerobic windrow type composting technology.

- To help in achieving the objectives of combating climate change underUNFCCC by reducing significant amount of greenhouse gas (Methane)emissions and contributes to the regional and national sustainabledevelopment.

Host Country Approval: August 2008

Project Owner: Lahore Compost (Pvt) Limited

Project Sponsors: Lahore Compost (Pvt) LimitedIBRD as trustee of the Danish Carbon FundSaif Holdings Limited


Saif Holdings Limited

Cost: US$ 5.5 million

Emission reduction: 7844 tones CO2 eqv./ year

Carbon buyers: Open market+ Danish Carbon Fund+ World Bank

Current status: under registration with UNFCCC, Executive Board

Sustainability/ Social benefits of the project:

- Reduce GHG emissions

- Production of cheap organic fertilizer ~ agriculture development


- Transfer of modern technology (state of art Menart technology)

- Increases skilled labor opportunities (about 80 full-time jobs)

- Improving the environment quality of Lahore city

Examples of innovative approaches in SWM

Pilot on “Participatory Solid Waste Management” under Project

‘Building Coalitions for Change to Implement Pro-Poor EnvironmentalFiscal Reforms (EFR)’ (IUCN 2009)

Target area: Nawanshehr town, district Abbottabad

Objective: Development and operationalization of a Participatory Solid


Objective: Development and operationalization of a Participatory SolidWaste Management System for Pro- poor Fiscal Reforms

Components:

i. Social Mobilization: dialogue with community groups, youthassociations, shopkeepers, school children andwomen folks,Operationalization of a Youth Forum

Citizens’ seminar, targeted meetings, door to doorcampaign, distribution of awareness raising material

ii. Social Organization

62 community activists (male and female) involved, trained in PSWM

Environmental Committees in 7 hamlets constituted (headed by lanemanger and supported by community activists)

Trainings imparted on waste collection/ disposal, collectables/recyclables, compositing/ kitchen gardening, route planning for wastecollection, dumping after 24 hrs.


collection, dumping after 24 hrs.

iii. Improved measures for primary collection

9 beads developed (comprising of 100- 120 houses)

Privately hired community waste collectors in 9 hamlets

Improved outturn/ equipment of waste collectors (including safety gear)

practice of dumping after 24 hrs.

iv. Improved secondary collection system

Route planning for collection, preparation of area maps

Improved tools/ equipment

Modern properly designated permanent waste dumping sites (09)

Improvisation of waste dumping trolley for efficiency (hydraulic system)


v. Introduction of Pro- Poor Fiscal Instruments in SWM

Revenue generation from recyclables in 7 schools

Community hired waste collector (paid through contribution)

Composting practice/ kitchen gardening (total 19)

Regulation of waste merchants (18 Nos.) tax being paid to local administration


Mobilization through Seminars


Training Community activists


School children in collection of recyclables


Kitchen gardening (from Compost)


Improved door- to door collection,

improved tools and turn out of sanitary workers


New concreted collection points


New hydraulic dumping trolley


Results

For more information, please contact:


Saadullah Ayaz Climate Change Coordinator

IUCN Pakistan

Tel: +92 (51) 2271028- 30

Email: [email protected]

Education

Pakistan pro- poor solid waste management- Saadullah Ayaz