1PalGov © 2011 1PalGov © 2011

أكاديمية الحكومة اإللكترونية الفلسطينيةThe Palestinian eGovernment Academy

www.egovacademy.ps

Tutorial 4: Ontology Engineering & Lexical Semantics

Session 5

Ontology Tools

Dr. Mustafa Jarrar

University of Birzeit

mjarrar@birzeit.edu

www.jarrar.info

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About

This tutorial is part of the PalGov project, funded by the TEMPUS IV program of the

Commission of the European Communities, grant agreement 511159-TEMPUS-1-

2010-1-PS-TEMPUS-JPHES. The project website: www.egovacademy.ps

University of Trento, Italy

University of Namur, Belgium

Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium

TrueTrust, UK

Birzeit University, Palestine

(Coordinator )

Palestine Polytechnic University, Palestine

Palestine Technical University, PalestineUniversité de Savoie, France

Ministry of Local Government, Palestine

Ministry of Telecom and IT, Palestine

Ministry of Interior, Palestine

Project Consortium:

Coordinator:

Dr. Mustafa Jarrar

Birzeit University, P.O.Box 14- Birzeit, Palestine

Telfax:+972 2 2982935 mjarrar@birzeit.edu

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© Copyright Notes

Everyone is encouraged to use this material, or part of it, but should

properly cite the project (logo and website), and the author of that part.

No part of this tutorial may be reproduced or modified in any form or by

any means, without prior written permission from the project, who have

the full copyrights on the material.

Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike

CC-BY-NC-SA

This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-

commercially, as long as they credit you and license their new creations

under the identical terms.

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Tutorial Map

Topic Time

Session 1_1: The Need for Sharing Semantics 1.5

Session 1_2: What is an ontology 1.5

Session 2: Lab- Build a Population Ontology 3

Session 3: Lab- Build a BankCustomer Ontology 3

Session 4: Lab- Build a BankCustomer Ontology 3

Session 5: Lab- Ontology Tools 3

Session 6_1: Ontology Engineering Challenges 1.5

Session 6_2: Ontology Double Articulation 1.5

Session 7: Lab - Build a Legal-Person Ontology 3

Session 8_1: Ontology Modeling Challenges 1.5

Session 8_2: Stepwise Methodologies 1.5

Session 9: Lab - Build a Legal-Person Ontology 3

Session 10: Zinnar – The Palestinian eGovernmentInteroperability Framework

3

Session 11: Lab- Using Zinnar in web services 3

Session 12_1: Lexical Semantics and Multilingually 1.5

Session 12_2: WordNets 1.5

Session 13: ArabicOntology 3

Session 14: Lab-Using Linguistic Ontologies 3

Session 15: Lab-Using Linguistic Ontologies 3

Intended Learning ObjectivesA: Knowledge and Understanding

4a1: Demonstrate knowledge of what is an ontology,

how it is built, and what it is used for.

4a2: Demonstrate knowledge of ontology engineering

and evaluation.

4a3: Describe the difference between an ontology and a

schema, and an ontology and a dictionary.

4a4: Explain the concept of language ontologies, lexical

semantics and multilingualism.

B: Intellectual Skills

4b1: Develop quality ontologies.

4b2: Tackle ontology engineering challenges.

4b3: Develop multilingual ontologies.

4b4: Formulate quality glosses.

C: Professional and Practical Skills

4c1: Use ontology tools.

4c2: (Re)use existing Language ontologies.

D: General and Transferable Skills

d1: Working with team.

d2: Presenting and defending ideas.

d3: Use of creativity and innovation in problem solving.

d4: Develop communication skills and logical reasoning

abilities.

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Outline and Session ILOs

This session will help student to:

4a1: Demonstrate knowledge of what is an ontology, how it is built,

and what it is used for.

4c1: Use ontology tools.

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Ontology Tools

• Protégé

• TopBraid

• SWOOP

• MS Visio and VisoModeler

• NORMA

• DogmaModeler and DogmaStudio

Not only these, but many tools exist to help you model your ontology

• You may use any tool you want, you can even use MS Excel or Word.

• Each tool has its own philosophy (methodology and modeling language).

• Most of them don’t import/export to each other (generate OWL not the same)

• The tool/language is not important when building an ontology, the important

thing is the content (the ontology itself)

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Protégé

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Protégé

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Protégé

• An open source ontology editing tool, written in Java.

• Developed at Stanford.

• The most commonly used tool for ontology editing

• Can be extended with various plug-ins and Java APIs

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TopBraid

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TopBraid

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TopBraid

• A modeling environment for developing ontologies and building semantic

web applications.

• Includes a Composer to develop, manage and test configurations of

knowledge models.

• Available as Free Edition, Standard Edition and Maestro Edition.

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SWOOP

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SWOOP

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SWOOP

• An open source tool for creating, editing, and debugging OWL ontologies.

• Produced by the MIND lab at University of Maryland, College Park and

has contributors from all over.

• Carries out all ontology editing inline with the HTML renderer.

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VisioModeler

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VisioModeler

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VisioModeler

• Freely available though unsupported from Microsoft Corporation.

• Designs and validates databases at the conceptual level.

• Has the ability to build a conceptual model from simple fact sentences.

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NORMA

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NORMA

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NORMA

• Supports ORM 2 (Object-Role Modeling, version 2).

• Implemented as an open-source plug-in for MS Visual Studio.

• Can map ORM models to DB engines, Object-oriented code, and XML

Schemas

• Downloadable from SourceForge or

http://www.ormfoundation.org/files/folders/norma_the_software/default.a

spx.

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Dogma Modeler

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Dogma Modeler

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Dogma Modeler

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Dogma Modeler

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Dogma Modeler

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Dogma Modeler

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Dogma Modeler

• Downloadable from http://www.jarrar.info/Dogmamodeler/

• Free and open source (prototype status)

• Designed as Ontology modeling tool

• Handles Double-articulation and modularization principles

• Supports the use of ORM as a graphical notation for

ontology modeling

• Verbalizes ORM diagrams into pseudo natural language in

11 different languages including English, Dutch, German,

French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian and others.

• Includes automatic composition of ontology modules,

through a well-defined composition operator

• Incorporates linguistic resources in ontology engineering

• Carries out automatic mapping of ORM diagrams into the

DIG description logic interface and reasoning using Racer

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Practice Session

Re-build your BankCustomer Ontology using Protégé

How to Use Protégé

A Quick User Guide

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Protégé – A Quick User Guide

In the coming slides, we try to present some

basic steps on how to create classes,

properties, RDF/XML code and graphs in

Protégé.

The version we are using here is Protégé

4.2 alpha. It is open-source, and can be

downloaded from here

http://protege.stanford.edu/download/downl

oad.html

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Outline

The guide is comprised of the following:

• The home screens of Protégé

• How to create classes in Protégé

• How to create properties in Protégé

• How to view the ontology as a graph

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When you run Protégé; the first screen you get is this:

Home Screen

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Home Screen (cont.)

You can specify an

Ontology IRI, which

is where your

Ontology will be

published

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Home Screen (cont.)

You can also

choose the

Ontology Format

you want to use

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The Entities Tab

Choosing the Entities

tab when your

ontology file opens will

allow you to view the

classes and properties

that are included in

this ontology.

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Outline

The guide is comprised of the following:

• The home screens of Protégé

• How to create classes in Protégé

• How to create properties in Protégé

• How to view the ontology as a graph

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Class Details

Selecting ‘Thing’,

the most basic

Class in Protégé,

will show the class

Annotations and

Description next to

it

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Creating a New Class

To create a new

Class it can either

be a subclass or

sibling class of

another existing

class.

Since this will be

the first class, it has

to be a subclass of

Thing

A pop box appears to ask you for a

name for your class

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Creating a New Class (cont.)

Type in the name and click OK

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RDF/XML rendering of Classes

Choosing RDF/XML rendering in the

Class section will show the RDF/XML

code of the classes we created

Class

Address

Class

LegalPerson

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Outline

The guide is comprised of the following:

• The home screens of Protégé

• How to create classes in Protégé

• How to create properties in Protégé

• How to view the ontology as a graph

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Property Details

Selecting

‘topObjectProperty’,

the most basic

Object Property in

Protégé, will show

the class

Annotations,

Description and

Characteristics next

to it

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Creating a New PropertyTo create a new

property it can

either be a sub

property or sibling

property of another

existing property.

Since this will be

the first property, it

has to be a sub

property of

topObjectProperty

A pop box appears to ask you for a

name for your property

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Creating a New Property (cont.)

Type in the name and click OK

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Creating a New Property (cont.)

hasAddress Property

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Adding a Domain

Adding a domain and a range for the property can be

done through the property description window:

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Adding a Domain (cont.)

The domain

can be a class,

an expression,

an object or a

data

restriction,

each chosen

from its

corresponding

tab.

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Adding a Domain (cont.)

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Adding a Range

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Adding a Range (cont.)

The range can

be a class, an

expression, an

object or a

data

restriction,

each chosen

from its

corresponding

tab.

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Adding a Range (cont.)

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RDF/XML Rendering of Properties

Choosing RDF/XML rendering in the

Class section will show the RDF/XML

code of the properties we created

Property

hasAddress

Range:

AddressDomain:

LegalPerson

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Outline

The guide is comprised of the following:

• The home screens of Protégé

• How to create classes in Protégé

• How to create properties in Protégé

• How to view the ontology as a graph

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OntoGraf

As Ontologies are best viewed as graphs, Protégé has the option

“OntoGraf”.

OntoGraf Tab

Our very basic

ontology

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OntoGraf (cont.)

Hovering over a

property will show you

its details (the

subclass property)

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OntoGraf (cont.)

Hovering over a class will show

you its URI and its Superclasses

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Further References

•The Protégé Wiki

http://protegewiki.stanford.edu/wiki/Main_Page

•Protégé’s User Documentation

http://protege.stanford.edu/doc/users.html

•Tutorial by Erdogan Dogdu, PhD

http://edogdu.etu.edu.tr/course/bil546/lectures/ProtegeTutorial.ppt

•Tutorials by Matthew Horridge

http://owl.cs.manchester.ac.uk/tutorials/protegeowltutorial/