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The PantoumThe PantoumBy T. Meldrum
April 2009
The PantoumThe PantoumOld Malayan verse form, often sung
Introduced into French poetry in the 19th Century
Structured chain form
Can have any number of stanzas
Revived by Victor Hugo in Les Orientals
Later adopted by English poets
Usual ContentUsual Content
Rather like stream of consciousness because of repetition of lines
Works well for memories, inner exploration, dream-like ideas, making a circular statement
Often feels slow, or dreamlike because of the repetition
StructureStructureEach line is used twiceLines may be of varying lengths
Each stanza is a quatrain There is a rhyme scheme of abab in each
quatrain
Traditionally, the first two lines of each quatrain present an image or an allusion; the second two lines of each quatrain convey the theme and meaning, and may not have an obvious connection with the first two lines
StructureStructure1 first234
2546
5768
79810
9111012
113121 first
There can be any number of stanzas, but fewer than four doesn’t allow the pattern to be seen.
Desert Dawning Desert Dawning by Anne Johnson
The desert awakes with a whispered sigh.
A jackrabbit scurries through the brush
while far above a raven cries.Dawn breaks from a frozen hush.
A jackrabbit scurries through the brush
bent on finding food to eat.Dawn breaks from a frozen hush,the cold chill of the night retreats.
Bent on finding food to eat,a roadrunner darts across the sand.The cold chill of the night retreatsas fiery warmth fills the land.
Notice how it takes two lines to make complete sentence.
A roadrunner darts across the sandin the shadow of a towering saguaro.As fiery warmth fills the landthe cactus wren peers at a beetle
below.
In the shadow of a towering saguaroa bevy of quail march by in a line.The cactus wren peers at a beetle
below.On a sunny rock the lizard reclines.
A bevy of quail march by in a linewhile far above a raven cries.On a sunny rock the lizard reclines.The desert awakes with a whispered
sigh.
Notice the use of rhyme and how the lines repeat. There are small changes in some lines.
My Own Breath My Own Breath - student pantoum - student pantoum
I can see my own breathI can feel my own heartbeating in my own chestfaster than a go-kart and I can feel my own heartracing and racingfaster than a go-kartelapsing laps like pacing racing and racingto my complacent distractionelapsing laps like pacingthat I could chop like a fraction...
...with my complacent distractionlike a laugh from a coughI could chop like a fraction'cause a half is a lot And like a laugh to a coughI'm feeling sadly mistaken'cause a half is a lotin the path that I've taken I'm feeling sadly mistakenso my heart gets quickbut in the path that I've takenI guess it is what it is So my heart gets quickPumping in my own chestI guess it is what it isI can see My Own Breath
Dragons remind me of youDragons remind me of you - student poem - student poemThe snow falls softly to the groundAs I lie awake and think of youRemembering when you were always
aroundFrom our imaginations, dragons and
princesses grew
As I lie awake and think of youMemories come flooding inFrom our imaginations, dragons and
princesses grewFighting and conquering, we would always
win
Memories keep flooding inWe played, we danced, we ran, we sangFighting and conquering we would winAnnouncing our victory with a mighty loud
BANG
We played, we danced, we ran, we sangWater guns held high in the airAnnouncing our victory with a mighty loud
BANGConquering dragons in their dark dungeon
lair
Water guns held high in the airFull of joy at our day's successOf conquering dragons in their dark
dungeon lairCovered in dirt, a rip in my dress
Full of joy at our day's successSmiling we left that world behindCovered in dirt, a rip in my dressWe played all day, no regard for time
Smiling we left that world behindNow memories left to reminisceWe played all day, no regard for timeThose days of ignorance I'll truly miss
Now memories left to reminisceRemembering when you were always
aroundThose days of ignorance I'll truly missAs the snow falls softly to the ground
sought, without soundthe tide pulls awaylaying low to the groundi go over my day. the tide pulls awaywhile the moon lights the skyi go over my daywhen the waves pass on by. while the moon lights the skysome choose to settle their nightwhen the waves pass on bythe soft remain bright. some choose to settle their nightor surrender to godsthe soft remain brightbut we fail against odds.
or surrender to godskeeping goals clearbut we fail against oddswhile the end remains near.
keeping goals clearmuch deeper than coalwhile the end remains nearthey still want your soul.
much deeper than coallaying low to the groundthey still want your soulsought, without sound.By e.r.w.
Your Turn …Your Turn …
Brainstorm ideas involving memories, journeys, dreams, circular ideas
Bonus – the next stanza is half written
Usually you will need to revisit grammar and line breaks to make the lines work
If the rhyme is too hard, don’t worry about it. Some people find rhyme easy, others don’t.
BibliographyBibliography
University course handouts. 1996.
Unst, Ariade. “The Pantoum Verse Form”. Accessed 2008. http://baymoon.com/~ariadne/form/pantoum.htm