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Participatory GIS A process towards enhanced equity in the
landscape and Democratizing Land-Use Planning
David E. De Vera2014
Exclusion & PlanningLand Use Planning is often an EXCLUSIVE
activity controlled and dominated by those in power and limited to a select number of actors in society
Land Use Planning processes are complex and very rigid and not accommodate a wide array of data sets and information critical to local communities.
Current Land Use processes are dependent on external experts and consultants to drive the process.
Exclusive planning processes produce Land Use Plans with hasty generalizations which are not reflective of local realities, inaccurate & misleading data and inappropriate policies where the poor are often
Reinforces the status quo where those in power are in control and have all land at their disposal and dictate its use as they see fit.
A Case for Participatory GIS
Participatory Geographic Information Systems (PGIS)
The PGIS approach adopts a combination of geo-spatial information management tools ranging from Sketch maps, Participatory 3D Models (P3DM), Aerial photographs, Satellite imagery, Global
Positioning Systems (GPS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to compose and represent peoples’ spatial knowledge.
Aerial Photography Sketch Mapping Satellite Imagery GPS Mapping3D-Modelling
Participatory GISParticipatory mapping is directed at ending the exclusion
of marginalized groups in the planning dialoguemaps show local people’s experiences of their landscape Ultimately, community maps define local people’s ideas of
the landscape and its functions
PGIS & Green GrowthIt enables local people to
identify and define their interactions with the landscape from their own points of view and based on their own unique experiences
It allows local people to identify customary governance systems in place
PGIS & Green GrowthProvides the local
communities a platform for negotiations and Integrated Planning with other sectors including the Government an the private sector.
How has participatory GIS been used?
Data gathering and documentation for ancestral domain management planning
How has participatory GIS been usedSecuring tenure claims for land and
seascapes
How has participatory mapping been used?Resolving resource-use conflict and tension
among communities
How has participatory mapping been used? As a tool in identifying community
conservation, impacts of climate change and monitoring directions.
Households
Trails
Jhum fallow
Main road
Forest
Migrants
Using Maps developed by Community technicians through PGIS, Indigenous Communities have been able to negotiate with the Government for the recognition of their Indigenous Community Conservation Areas (ICCAs)ancestral domains all over the Philippines
Engaging the Mining Industry on the impacts of their operations in Key Biodiversity Areas in the Philippines
Using PGIS…..(cont..)
Challenges and OpportunitiesSome countries have existing
laws that actually criminalize Participatory GIS activities:Philippine Geodetic
Engineering ActLand Surveyors Ordinance
in MalaysiaBoth laws define all forms of
mapping as an “exclusive” practice limited to Mapping professionals licensed & regulated by the Government.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9200
AN ACT AMENDING REPUBLIC ACT NUMBERED EIGHTY FIVE HUNDRED
AND SIXTY (R.A. NO. 8560) OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE PHILIPPINE
GEODETIC ENGINEERING ACT OF 1998, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Challenges and OpportunitiesLogistical requirements and tools for the practice of PGIS has
become very accessible to ordinary people…..Laws can no longer regulate the practice of mapping and enable local people to
participate in Land-use Planning…..
Quantum GIS – Free Open Source Software; many other free software that can be tailor-fit for local needs
Cheap Smartphones have GPS and sell for as low as $85.00
Google Earth has opened the doors for community mappers
Lessons LearnedThe Participatory GIS
process contributes to;Community empowermentStrengthening and
development of local institutions
Developing a constituency and facilitating a consensus for local plans
Gaining an effective tool to communicate, advocate, negotiate and campaign for plans