Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS) - 2

Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS)– 2

Erin Chang, OTS, Karinette Leano, OTS, Thanh Luong, OTS, and Lisa Mireles, OTS

agenda1. Introduction2. Learning Objectives3. Key Terms4. Lecture5. Review6. Quiz http://www.ecbrotary.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/agenda.jpg

Erin Chang, otsUniversity of California, San Diego

B.A. History (Emphasis in social change)

Stanbridge University

M.S. Occupational Therapy

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Karen leano, otsMount St. Mary’s University

B.A. Psychology (Emphasis in child and adolescentPsychology)



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Thanh luong, otsUniversity of California, San Diego

B.A. Human DevelopmentMinor: Health Care and Social Issues



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Lisa mireles, otsUniversity of California, Santa Barbara

B.A. Global Studies



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Learning objectivesStudents will:Demonstrate knowledge of proper administration Identify appropriate population, age range, and

purpose Identify various subtests and motor composites Learn to effectively grade and score the PDMS-2

Key termsReflexes

Stationary

Locomotion

Object Manipulation

Grasping

Visual-Motor Integration

Fine Motor

Gross Motor

Basal Level

Ceiling Level

The peabody developmental motor

Scales (PDMS-2)What is the Purpose?

To provide both in-depth assessment and training or remediation of gross and fine motor skills

To distinguish deficit areas and design functional intervention goals for children with disabilities

To evaluate progress

To estimate a child’s motor performance in comparison to peers

For who?

Children from birth through 5 years of age with motor impairments

Folio, F.M. & Fewell R.R. (2000). Peabody developmental motor scales: Second edition (PDMS-2) [Assessment instrument]. Austin, Tx; Proed.

the peabody Developmental motor

scales (PDMS-2)Who uses it?

OT, PT, diagnosticians, early intervention specialists, phys-ed teachers, psychologists

Administration Time:

45-60 minutes for entire assessment

Composed of

2 scales & 6 subtests

Fine motor scales

Reflexes, Stationary, Locomotion, Object manipulation

Gross motor scales

Grasping, Visual motor integration


Background informationThe PDMS-2 is a standardized test based on a

normative sample of 2,003 participants residing in 46 different states across the United States of America

Reliability and validity have been determined empirically

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NH4A_fcVW3M

OT Eastern (2016, April 19). Peabody Developmental Motor Scales 2nd Edition. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NH4A_fcV


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NH4A_fcVW3M

Administrator QualificationNo degree or certification is required to administer the assessment

Must obtain proper training and have a thorough understanding of the following:

Test statistics

General procedures governing test administration

Scoring and interpretation

Specific information about gross and fine motor ability testing

Development in children who are not progressing typical


Materials RequiredExaminer’s Manual

The Guide to Item Administration

The Examiners Record Booklet

The Profile/Summary Form

The Manipulatives

**Material cost:

$530 for the complete kit

All materials are available separate as well


How to administerAdminister the tests in a quiet, comfortable, and non-distracting environment

Follow the instructions written in the Guide to Item Administration

Each item is administered until the child receives a 2 or has received three trials

For children with motor disability, the examiner can re-administer the item using appropriate adaptive instructions

Appropriate notations must be made with a clear statement that they must be considered as non-standard scores due to the adapted administration of some items

Stop testing if the child tires or loses interest. Continue testing at another time.


6 SubtestsReflexesStationaryLocomotionObject ManipulationGraspingVisual-Motor Integration


ReflexesMeasures a child's ability to automatically react to environmental events.

Because reflexes typically become integrated by the time a child is 12 months old, this subtest is only given to children birth through 11 months.

Includes 8-item subtest

Walking Reflex

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJIcKkxx7wg

Positioning Reflex

Landau Reaction

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q5pZNd93qEw

Protecting Reaction - Forward

Protecting Reaction - Side

Protecting Reaction - Forward

Righting Reaction - Forward

Protecting Reaction - Backward


Betapicts (2010, June 10). Stepping - walk reflex / reaction. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJIcKkxx7wg

Healthy Life (2014, Nov 16). Postural Reflexes - Landau Newborn Reactions ( Baby 6 Months ). [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q5pZNd93qEw

StationaryMeasures a child's ability to sustain control of his or her body within its

center of gravity and retain equilibrium

Includes a 30-item subtest:

Rotating head

Stabilizing trunk

Sitting

Raising to sit

Standing on 1 foot

Standing on tiptoes

Initiating movements

Sit-ups

Push-ups


Locomotion● Measures a child's ability to move

from one place to another. The actions measured include crawling, walking, running, hopping, and jumping forward.

● Includes an 89-item subtest:

○ Bearing weight

○ Rolling

○ Pushing up

○ Moving forward

○ Creeping

○ Scooting

○ Pivoting

○ Standing

○ Cruising

○ Stepping

○ Walking

● Walking up stairs

● Running

● Walking line

● Jumping up

● Jumping hurdles

● Walking on tiptoes

● Skipping


Object manipulationMeasures a child's ability to manipulate balls. Examples of the actions

measured include catching, throwing, and kicking. Because these skills are not apparent until a child has reached the age of 11 months, this subtest is only given to children ages 12 months and older.


Catching ball

Rolling ball

Throwing ball (overhand and underhand)

Kicking ball

Hitting target (overhand and underhand)

Bouncing ball

Catching bounced ball


graspingMeasures child's ability to use his/her hands

Begins with holding an object with one hand

Progresses to actions involving the controlled use of the fingers 26-item subtest:

Grasp reflex (0 mo.)

Holding/manipulating rattle (3 mo.)

Grasping cube (7 mo.)

Grasping pellets (8 mo.)

Grasping marker (41-42 mo.)

Buttoning button (47-48 mo.)


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http://www.academictherapy.com/detailATP.tpl?eqskudatarq=DDD-818

Visual-motor integrationMeasures child's ability to use visual

perceptual skills to perform complex eye-hand coordination tasks such as reaching and grasping for an object, building with blocks, and copying designs.


Tracking ball left to right (2 mo.)

Removing pegs (8 mo.)

Turning pages (12 mo.)

Inserting shapes (17-18 mo.)

Imitating vertical strokes (23-24 mo.)

Snipping with scissors (25-26 mo.)

Stringing beads (27-28 mo.)

Coloring between lines (59-60 mo.)


Recording additional commentsThe examiner is encouraged to observe and note the following behaviors:

The child’s interest in the task

The child’s approach to understanding the instructions

The child’s approach to problem solving

The child’s comments or nonverbal responses to the tasks

The child’s latency or perseveration of response

The child’s use of self-corrections

The child’s preferred hand use in grasping, drawing, cutting, throwing

The child’s directionality in transferring materials

The child’s coordination in the execution of motor movements

The child’s ability to separate movements of one part of the body

The child’s performance prior to, during, or after performing an item

The child’s feelings about his or her performance


Grading and scoringItems are scored as 2, 1, or 0

2 = Child performs item according to criteria specified for mastery

1= Child’s performance shows clear resemblance to item mastery criteria but does not fully meet criteria

0= Child cannot or will not attempt item/ or attempt does not show that the skill is emerging

Basal level: child receives a score of 2 on three items in a row

Ceiling level: child scores 0 on each of three items in a row


Recording Scores

Recording ScoresFine Motor Quotient

Grasping

Visual-Motor Integration

Gross Motor Quotient: Stationary

Locomotion

Object Manipulation

Total Motor QuotientFormed by a combination of the results of the gross and fine motor

subtests

Best estimate of overall motor abilities



Profile of Scores


PROSReliability and validity studies

Widely recognized

Can be used in a variety of settings


Possible LimitationsNot comprehensive

Does not address sensory systems

Possible cultural bias: choice of objects

Can be used to evaluate progress


SummaryPDMS-2 is used for children from birth through 5 years of age with

motor impairments

PDMS-2 is a standardized assessment used to assess and train or remediate gross and fine motor skills

PDMS-2 takes about 45 to 60 minutes to administer

You can be an administer, just get training on how to administer the assessment and be knowledgeable in this area ( No certification necessary)

Quiz Time!Thank you for attending our In-Service!

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referencesBetapicts (2010, June 10). Stepping - walk reflex / reaction. [Video file]. Retrieved from

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJIcKkxx7wgFolio, F.M. & Fewell R.R. (2000). Peabody developmental motor scales: Second edition (PDMS-2)

[Assessment

instrument]. Austin, Tx; Proed.

Healthy Life (2014, Nov 16). Postural Reflexes - Landau Newborn Reactions ( Baby 6 Months ). [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q5pZNd93qEwOT Eastern (2016, April 19). Peabody Developmental Motor Scales 2nd Edition. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NH4A_fcVW3M

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NH4A_fcVW3M

Education

Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS) - 2