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This presentation was made at various peanut production meetings in Alabama as an annual training on pest management.
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PEANUT IPM UPDATE, 2010
Dr. Ayanava MajumdarExt. Entomologist, State SARE Coordinator
Gulf Coast Research & Ext. Center8300 State Hwy 104, Fairhope AL 36532
Tel: (251) [email protected]
Topics for discussion
• Research results
– Insect detection and monitoring project
– Focus on reported outbreaks in 2009
– Updates to the Peanut IPM Guide (IPM-0360)
– Thrips biological control research
• IPM-CORE: providing new thrust to IPM via integrated information delivery
Program objectives
Research components:• Efficacy of pheromone traps as a early detection tool (short-term)• Impact of weather on insect abundance/activity (medium-term)• Develop site-specific forecasting system (long-term)
Educational components (based on needs assessment):• Early warning system for growers/consultants/Agents (short-term)• Increase adoption of pheromone traps (medium-term)• Thrust to vegetable/peanut IPM via IPM-CORE (long-term)
Funding (2009): Extension IPM Initiative, SPRI/NPB2010: Specialty Crops Block Grant, SPRI/NPB?, Ext IPM?
Insect monitoring project(new in 2009)
• Use traps for early detection of pests
• What does trap catch tell you?
Catch = pop. density x activity
• Trap network (operated by REAs):
N-S: vegetable fields
E-W: peanut fields
• Commercial traps/lures used
• Trapping period: June-October
• Trapping interval (2009): 14 days
• Generate information that you can use WITHIN SEASON
• Know what to scout for & when to scout INTENSIVELY
• Automatic identification of closely related species
• Prediction models will be avail.
Why use pheromone traps?
Wing trap Pherocon trap Bucket trap
Stink bug trap
Trap catches in 2009
Insect catches (June-Oct.):
Lesser cornstalk borer (LCB) = 3,586
Fall armyworm (FAW) = 1,386
Beet armyworm (BAW) = 1,377
Corn earworm (CEW) = 589
Southern armyworm (SAW) = 393
Tobacco budworm (TBW) = 342
Soybean looper (SL) = 230
Cabbage looper (CL) = 223
Corn rootworm (CRW): Southern = 253; Western = 13
Black cutworm (BCW) = 125
Stink bugs (SB, Euschistus) = 0*
* Trap damaged at many locations** Traps added late (July-Oct.)
Total = 8,586High
Low
What is it?HINT: Several outbreaks of these insects occurred in AL, 2009
Outbreak of armyworms in soybean, peanuts (2009)
Beet armyworm
4
10
21
33
49
258
19
36
27
25
05
101520253035
12.3
21.4
28.3
26.6
30.2
19.819.8
12.3
Monthly average activity (statewide)
Insect density (overall) per site
Year 2009
Fall armyworm
20
19
15
32
48
27
36
29
17
1216
13
0
10
20
30
40
5.211.8
23.2
34.7
23.6
31.6 33
17.3
Monthly average activity (statewide)
Insect density (overall) per site
Year 2009
What is it?
Microspines
Corn earworm
6
10
25
12
16
5
3
11
8
3
8
17
7
June
July
(early)
July
(late)
Aug (earl
y)
Aug (lat
e)
Sept (e
arly)
Sept (l
ate)
Oct (earl
y)0
4
8
12
16
10.2
3.4
9.610.3 12.8
15.4
8.7
3.7
Monthly average activity (statewide)
Insect density (overall) per site
Year 2009
What is it?
Microspines
Tobacco budworm
3
2
7
20
15
3 6
6
3
1
3
Insect density (overall) per site
0
2
4
6
8
5
3.1
7.6
8.1
1.4
5 6.2
3.7
Monthly average activity (statewide)
Year 2009
What is it?
Hint: larvae live in silken tunnels/tubes; some outbreaks (?) reported in 2009
Why early detection of pests is useful?
Lesser cornstalk borer in many crops (Clarke, Washington, Escambia Co., Henry Counties)
Lesser cornstalk borer
119
116
7646
142
143
77
Insect density (overall) per site
020406080
100120140
22.5
85.7
118.3
101.6
131132.8
113.6
64
Monthly average activity (statewide)
Year 2009
What is it?
Cabbage looper
10
12
23
3
9
3
5
June
July
(early)
July
(late)
Aug (earl
y)
Aug (lat
e)
Sept (e
arly)
Sept (l
ate)
Oct (earl
y)0
2
4
6
8
2
4.44.5 5.5
7.57.3 8.2
1.3
Monthly average activity (statewide)
What is it?
Soybean looper
6
15
12
2
14
June
July
(early)
July
(late)
Aug (earl
y)
Aug (lat
e)
Sept (e
arly)
Sept (l
ate)
Oct (earl
y)02468
10
6
44.4
9.1 99.2
3.6
7.3
Monthly average activity (statewide)
Corn rootworm4
283 WCRW
12
7
1
14
2June, July
June
June
81 WCRW
June
WCRW SCRW
Source: K. Flanders (2010)
Year 2009
Impact of Weather on Trap CatchesSign. Correlation of TEMPERATURE :County BAW FAW CEW TBW LCB CRW
Cullman NS NS NS 0.9655 (-) NA NS
Chilton 0.9989 (-) 0.9028 (-) 0.6599 (-) 0.9913 (-) NA NS
Baldwin NS NS 0.5863 (-) NS NS NS
Escambia NS 0.8603 (-) NS 0.6295 (+) NS NS
Henry NS NS NS NS NS NS
Numbers indicate significant correlations at P = 0.10. +/- indicates direction of relationship (preliminary findings). Rain days indicate number of days rainfall exceeded 0.1 inch.
County BAW FAW CEW TBW LCB CRW
Cullman NS 0.9905 (+) NS NS NA 0.5988 (+)
Chilton NS NS NS NS NA NS
Baldwin 0.9154 (+) 0.9838 (+) NS NS 0.8347 (+) 0.5882 (-)
Escambia 0.6661 (+) NS 0.7080 (+) NS NS NS
Henry NS 0.9851 (+) NS NS 0.7368 (+) 0.8819 (-)
Sign. Correlation of RAIN DAYS :
Year 2009
RAINFALL
Discussion• Counties along the Gulf Coast had highest insect numbers
• Unusually high trap catches: FAW, BAW, LCB
• Outbreak reports (2009): FAW, BAW, LCB, CRW
• Outbreaks consistent with high trap catches
• Appropriate weather could trigger outbreaks
Goals:• Monitor thrips infestation levels• Encourage registration of biological insecticides• Stimulate research for granular i-cide formulations
Thrips biocontrol research
Tobacco thrips Western flower thrips
Thrips biological control study Locations: Fairhope (22 May), Headland (8 June) Peanut variety: Georgia green Insecticides tested:
Temik (aldicarb) @ 0.5 lb AI/acre Thimet (phorate) @ 0.38 lb AI/acre BotaniGard ES (Beauveria bassiana) @ 1-2
quart/acre QRD452 (Chenopodium) @ 1-2 quart/acre Radiant (spinetoram) @ 4-8 oz/acre
Thrips sampling: foliar sampling 7 DAT using bags Virus hits recorded twice in July
Thrips biocontrol study: abbreviated results
Fairhope, AL Headland, AL
Treatment Rate/acre Application
method
Thrips counts Spotted wilt virus
hits
Thrips counts Spotted wilt virus
hits
Thimet (1/2 rate) 1.9 lb In-furrow 34.0abc 0.8 31.0cde 0.4
Temik (1/2 rate) 3.3 lb In-furrow 30.0abcd 1.4 27.8bcdef 0.6
Karate Z (1/2 rate) 2 fl oz Spray 26.0abcdef 1.6 30.0bcde 0.5
Radiant 8 fl oz Spray 10.6def 0.8 17.8 ef 1.0
BotaniGardd 2 qt Spray 19.6abcdef 1.1 44.8a 0.9
QRD400 2 qt Spray 13.6def 1.3 25.5cdef 0.5
Thimet +
Radiant
1.9 lb
4 fl oz
In-furrow
Spray
6.0f 0.5 20.0def 0.6
Check - 39.6a 2.0 47.3a 0.8
LSD - 20.4 NS 12.8 NS
Radiant is a promising insecticide as stand-alone or as rotation partner.
Thrips biocontrol test, Fairhope
TSWV vs. healthy peanut plant
1
2
3
4
5 6
7
Untr. check: 40 thrips/plot, 2-7 virus hits per 60 ft row
Thrips biocontrol test, Fairhope
1
Spinetoram (split applications) + phorate (both ½ rates)
6 thrips/plot…no benefit if applied at full rate
Fast knockdown product…less virus hits
Thrips biocontrol test, Fairhope
1
Beauveria (split appl.) + phorate (both ½ rates)
35 thrips/plot…reduces by ½ if 2x rate is applied
Slow product…virus hits increase
2
Thrips biocontrol test, Fairhope
1
QRD 400 (split appl.) + phorate (both ½ rates)
29 thrips/plot…reduces by ½ if 2x rate is applied
Slow product…virus hits increase
2
Thrips biocontrol test, Fairhope
What is it?
Three-cornered alfalfa hopperOutbreaks in Clarke, Washington, Baldwin, Mobile Co. (2009)
Burrower bugs• Six species in peanuts, Pangaeus bilineatus
most prevalent, sporadic late-season pest• Host range: peanut, cotton, strawberry,
spinach, wild plants• Identification: small insects, note wing
structure & spines on legs• Overwintering stage: adult, under rocks,
crop stubble, volunteer plants• Management:
– Problem in high residue fields– Increasing problem as pods fill (late season)– Use pitfall traps to determine activity– Chlorpyrifos is the only recommended i-cide
Hemiptera: Cydnidae
What is it?
Velvetbean caterpillarOutbreaks in pockets in many Baldwin and Mobile Co. (2009)
IPM COmmunication REsources (IPM-CORE) Project
Project archive: www.aces.edu/go/85 or www.aces.edu/go/88
AU Pest Alert (direct email): July-October
Web outreach: Blogs, YouTube, AlabamaCrops.com, AGFAX.COM
Sign-up sheet for Pest Alert available today
IPM Hotline (messages): 1-800-446-0375
Mobile exhibit at grower meetings, tradeshows
Timely revisions to Peanut IPM Guide
Ext. bulletins (peanuts, vegetables)
Concept: Synchronized rapid IPM information delivery to growers
IPM-CORE: a rapid information delivery system
New Integrated Peanut Entomology Website:
SUBSCRIBE TO THIS FOR AUTOMATIC EMAIL UPDATES
IPM4Peanuts: YOUTUBE channel for AL peanut producers
Acknowledgements
• IPM Trapping Coordinators: – A. Majumdar– H. Fadamiro– K. Flanders
• IPM Team Members:– Lloyd Chapman– Neil Kelly– Michael Reeves– Gary Gray– James Miles– William East, Jr.– Brandon Dillard– Leonard Kuykendall– Chris Becker– Timothy Reed
Thank you very much.
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