CHAPTER 9

PEOPLE DEVELOPMENT POLICIES

GROUP 5Aizell BernalApril EdemJona Nicdao

Developing economies have two basic problems:

1) shortage of technical and skilled manpower

2) surplus labor in all sectors of the economy

OBJECTIVES OF MANPOWER ANALYSIS

1) To identify the main critical shortages of skilled manpower in every major sector of the economy, and to analyze the reasons for such shortages.

2) To identify the surpluses, both skilled and unskilled labor, and to analyze the reasons for such surpluses.

3) To set forward targets for human resource development based on realistic expectations of growth.

MAJOR HUMAN RESOURCE PROBLEMS

Frederick Harbinson, a known resource development expert, mentioned the major human resourse problems in the developing countries:

1) Rapid growth of population.2) Increasing unemployment in the

modern sectors of the economy, and widespread underemployment in the traditional agriculture.

3) Shortage of persons with critical skills and knowledge which are necessary for effective national development.

4) Insufficient and underdeveloped organizations and institutions for mobilizing human effort.

5) Lack of incentives for individuals to engage in productive activities which are vitally important for national development.

6) People are suffering generally from undernourishment.

APPROACHES TO EDUCATION

The investment of resources should be accompanied by the application of new technical knowledge.

Education should be democratic and should be made available to the poor masses.

SOUTH ASIAN SCHOOL SYSTEM

Religion and Education

The three great world religions1) Hinduism2) Buddhism3) Islam

Thomas Balogh in his article “Education Must Come Down To Earth,” proposed the following:

1) It must transform primitive agriculture.

2) It must be integrated into the community life to avoid the emergence of an artificial and power-hungry elite who imitate the lifestyles of their former colonial masters.

3) It must provide technical and administrative inputs of developing the country.

Colonial Education- American brand of education for Filipinos was established, its fundamental objective was to Americanize the tastes and values of the Filipinos.- Dutch who colonized Indonesia, their record on education was very poor. - Ceylon which was a colony of Portugal and then England, obtained a comparatively higher level of education during its colonial times.

Shortcomings of colonial education- ignorance of the population- literacy rate was low- training of teachers was neglected- low social status of teachers and their low salaries hampered the recruitment of good teachers- teaching has become dogmatic and authoritarian.- negative attitude towards manual labor

Factors that Bar Educational Reforms

1) High school students are being prepared for college and university and not for vocational or technical jobs.

2) Teachers who can handle technical or vocational subjects are scarce.

3) Laboratories and special teaching aids in teaching science, and technical or vocational subjects are very expensive.

4) The weight of traditions which despise manual work has been heavy.

College Education Criticized- good ones went abroad or to the industrial and business sectors where economic rewards are much higher- college and universities continue to produce an oversupply of generalists- specialists and technicians are in demand but not business graduates who do not even know how to prepare and conduct feasibility studies or draft a good business letter

EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

U.S. Brand of Education - they tend to transplant the U.S. style of

education to Filipino students because they believe such kind of education is better- Dr. Salvador Lopez, former UP president, said that the teaching of English is wasteful and futile in a country where only a minority go on to high school and college and most school children have no need for English for the rest of their lives after leaving school.

Poor Teaching Quality- Educator’s Congress held in Baguio City in 1993- Former Education Secretary Armand Fabella- Pres. Fidel Ramos

Record shows that there has been a great deterioration in our communication skills in English.

Low Standard of EducationTeachers: - Salaries of teachers are very low.- Those who remain in the teaching profession are exploited.- They are forced to engage in sidelines.

Students:- Undernourished schoolchildren cannot think well- Their one-room dwellings and dirty surroundings are not conducive to studying their lessons.- Many college students are not really serious in their studies.

Education is People Development- Our country needs good citizens or people with proper attitudes and values, people who are capable of transforming available scarce resources into economic abundance for the benefits of all members of society.

Health and Education- undernourishment or malnutrition experience mental and physical shortcomings. - not efficient in their works

Education, Values, and Development- right values are learned through education- better and faster development can be attained through the right values- the key to development is proper education