Photography Ethical PerspectivePhotography Ethical Perspective

StereotypingStereotyping

Victims of ViolenceVictims of Violence

Rights to PrivacyRights to Privacy

Editorial ChoicesEditorial Choices

National Press Photographers Association Code of Ethics

1. Be accurate and comprehensive in the representation of subjects.

2. Resist being manipulated by staged photo opportunities.

3. Be complete and provide context when photographing or recording subjects. Avoid stereotyping individuals and groups. Recognize and work to avoid presenting one’s own biases in the work.

4. Treat all subjects with respect and dignity. Give special consideration to vulnerable subjects and compassion to victims of crime or tragedy. Intrude on private moments of grief only when the public has an overriding and justifiable need to see.

5. While photographing subjects do not intentionally contribute to, alter, or seek to alter or influence events.

6. Editing should maintain the integrity of the photographic images’ content and context. Do not manipulate images or add or alter sound in any way that can mislead viewers or misrepresent subjects.

7. Do not pay sources or subjects or reward them materially for information or participation.

8. Do not accept gifts, favors, or compensation from those who might seek to influence coverage.

9. Do not intentionally sabotage the efforts of other journalists.

Minority groups portrayed as Criminals? 3

Stereotypes: Media View?Stereotypes: Media View?

Katrina Aftermath: “Two residents wade through chest-deep water after finding bread and soda from a local grocery store.”

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Stereotyping: “Finding food” Stereotyping: “Finding food”

2005 Photo by Dave Martin for the Associated Press

Caption for white people:

Caption Katrina Aftermath: “A young man walks through chest deep flood water after looting a grocery store in New Orleans.” 5

Stereotyping: “Looting”Stereotyping: “Looting”

2005 Photo by Dave Martin for the Associated Press

FRED CHARTRAND / THE CANADIAN PRESS file photo

Lack of Coverage in Media: Missing Aboriginal Women in Canada

An RCMP study determined “there were 1,181 murdered or missing women in this country over a 33-year period through 2012.”

7Ethical Perspective Victims of Violence Rights to Privacy

Eddie Adams: Vietnam Atrocity

Vietnam war the first war to be televised

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Ethical Perspective

Victims of Violence - Rights to Privacy

Vietnam war the first war to

be televised

Nick Ut: Napalm Bombing Error

9Ethical Issues: Violence and Privacy Often MeshEthical Issues: Violence and Privacy Often Mesh

Kent State Tragedy 1970 by John Filo

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Ethical Perspective

Rights to PrivacyRights to Privacy

Dorothea Lange Photo

Florence Thompson complained about her

privacy violation

Many profited from the photograph

but Florence made nothing

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Ethical PerspectiveEthical Perspective

Victims of ViolenceVictims of ViolenceRights to PrivacyRights to Privacy

9/11 falling Man

Many Newspaper Did Not PublishBecause of Privacy Concerns

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Ethical PerspectiveEthical Perspective

Victims of ViolenceVictims of ViolenceRights to PrivacyRights to Privacy

Oklahoma City Bombing

1995 Photo by Charles Porter

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Ethical Issues: Censored photo under George Bush Administration

14Government may try to suppress, but information will get through

2003 Abu Ghraib

Rights to Privacy for Victims?Digital Trophies Were Used Against Soldiers

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Ethical Perspective: Double StandardsEthical Perspective: Double Standards

US did not want to show their war dead but did show pictures of Saddam’s dead sons. However, Obama administration did not release

images of Bin Ladan dead.

Soldier’s identities covered byGovernment

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Decisions about what images are shown in mainstream media?

This photograph of Israeli children writing messages to children of Lebanon on artillery shells bound for targets in Lebanon caused outrage and but was not seen

in regular media

What does future hold?What does future hold?