Physical SettlementsMade By: Anusha Asim

Class: 7-ASubject: Geography Project

Contents

(Question: Analyze and investigate the different physical settlements and how they are affected.)

1. Cities: Analyzation and Investigation2. Cities: How are they being affected?3. Villages: Analyzation and Investigation4. Villages: How are they being affected?5. Hamlets: Analyzation and Investigation6. Hamlets: How are they being affected?7. Towns: Analyzation and Investigation8. Towns: How are they being affected?9. Rural Areas: Analyzation and Investigation10.Rural Areas: How are they being affected?

1. Cities: Analyzation and Investigation

• A city is a large and permanent physical settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town in general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.

• Cities generally have complex systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, housing, and transportation. The concentration of development greatly facilitates interaction between people and businesses, benefiting both parties in the process, but it also presents challenges to managing urban growth.

• A big city or metropolis usually has associated suburbs and exurbs. Such cities are usually associated with metropolitan areas and urban areas, creating numerous business commuters traveling to urban centers for employment. Once a city expands far enough to reach another city, this region can be deemed a conurbation or megalopolis. In terms of population, the largest city proper is Shanghai, while the fastest-growing is Dubai.

1. City: How are they being affected?

They are being affected by: 1) Climate Change: Nearly all of the cities reporting to CDP

consider themselves at risk from climate change, and 43 percent said they are already dealing with the immediate effects in their cities. The implications for buildings, infrastructure, energy supply, water availability and human health are significant.

2) Pollution: The pollution in cities is immense due to lack of nature and release of poisonous gases.

3) Deforestation: There are less green plants, resulting in less oxygen.

2. Villages: Analyzation and Investigation

• A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods.

• Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings; however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement.

• Although many patterns of village life have existed, the typical village was small, consisting of perhaps 5 to 30 families. Homes were situated together for sociability and defence, and land surrounding the living quarters was farmed. Traditional fishing villages were based on artisan fishing and located adjacent to fishing grounds.

2. Villages: How are they being affected?

They are affected by:1) Lack of good education, medical care and

other important needs.2) Lack of protection.3) Natural disasters like floods, earthquakes,

tsunamis.

3. Hamlets: Analyzation and Investigation

• A hamlet is a type of settlement. The definition of hamlet varies by country. It usually refers to a small settlement, with a small population that is usually under 100, in a rural area, or a component of a larger settlement or municipality. Hamlets are typically unincorporated communities.

• The word comes from Anglo-Norman hamelet(t)e, corresponding to Old French hamelet, the diminutive of Old French hamel. This, in turn, is a diminutive of Old French ham, possibly borrowed from Franconian languages. Compare with modern French Hameau, Dutch heem, German Heim, Old English hām and Modern English home.

3. Hamlets: How are they being affected?

They are affected by: 1) Lack of the facilities that a city has

to offer.2) A small population.3) Unincorporated.

4. Towns: Analyzation and Investigation

• A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a cit• The word town shares an origin with the German word Stadt, the Dutch word tuin,

and the Old Norse tun. The German word Zaun comes closest to the original meaning of the word: a fence of any material. An early borrowing from Celtic *dunom (cf. Old Irish dun, Welsh din "fortress, fortified place, camp," dinas "city;“

• In English and Dutch, the meaning of the word took on the sense of the space which these fences enclosed. In England, a town was a small city that could not afford or was not allowed to build walls or other larger fortifications, and built a palisade or stockade instead. In the Netherlands, this space was a garden, more specifically those of the wealthy, which had a high fence or a wall around them (like the garden of palace Het Loo in Apeldoorn, which was the example for the privy garden of William and Mary at Hampton Court). In Old Norse tun means a (grassy) place between farmhouses, and is still used in a similar meaning in modern Norwegian.

4. Towns: How are they being affected?

They are affected by:1)Their small size.2)Slightly cramped living

conditions.3)Pollution.

5. Rural Areas: Analyzation and Investigation

• A rural area is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities.

• The Health Resources and Services Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services defines the word "rural" as encompassing "...all population, housing, and territory not included within an urban area. Whatever is not urban is considered rural.”

• Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements. Agricultural areas are commonly rural, though so are others such as forests.

5. Rural Areas: How are they affected?

They are affected by: 1) Low population.2) Not enough

facilities.3) Small settlements.