Pick your Poison (Please Choose 3 questions to answer)

(5 points each)

1)You just joined the Constiglioni Family; they are the mob that runs the lower east side of Hells Kitchen now known as “Clinton” (New York). You have a rep from years of service, doing unsavory things and you get to “wiseguy” status. This makes you now an important guy, so important that you’ve attracted the attention of the Punisher (aka Frank Castle). Unknown to you he’s been watching your every move for a week and waited for the best time to “cancel your contract” along with all your buddies. Its 4 am and you’re drinking in a local bar all civvies have left for the night. Suddenly the front end of the restaurant explodes inwards and the lights go out! You and your buddy react and instinctively go out the back, as you here a SAW (Squad Automatic Weapon) butchering what used to be the rest of your friends. Your buddy opens the door and something makes a ~click~ (not good). That “something” was a very well placed claymore and its goes off, turning him into 180 lbs of jelly. You find yourself on the ground and your ears are ruptured and something feels “weird”…you look down and your lower left leg is missing from the knee down!

1. What bones have you lost? (Please be detailed in the listing of bones)Tibia, Fibula, Talus, Calcaneus, Cuboid, Lateral Cuneiform, Intermediate Cuneiform, Intermediate cuneiform, Navicular, Metatarsals and Phalanges 2. What joint type was severed in the explosion? Hinge Joint 3. What does the front side of a claymore say?“Front Towards Enemy”

2)You’re a human from a planet with air 3x less oxygen than Earth and 4x more gravity. Your planetary government has an alliance with earth in accordance with their pro-aliens statute that that enacted in the year 2130. As per the agreement you must serve in their military for 2 standard earth years, for dual-planetary citizenship. In boot camp you meet other people; some are from your world the others from Earth. On “breakout” of the first day of Boot Camp its 430 am EST Earth, and the instructors wake you up with flash-bangs and gunfire. They tell you this is going to be a “pleasant” 12 mile run, after which comes the obstacle course. Compared to the Earth soldiers, you cannot be stopped. You make the run in half the time they do and the obstacle course is a joke. You jump from the 30 ft repelling tower and land on your feet to stroll the rest of the distance towards the finish line. The Instructors are not happy but they can do nothing. Anatomically and Physiologically: how and why are you capable of doing these things? (There are two parts to this answer)

1. The RunAnatomically: There is more blood in your system than that of the Earth soldiers; as well your muscles and bones are developed to withstand the higher gravity so you are much faster and stronger than Earth humans.Physiologically: The lesser oxygen of your planet has caused you to create more EPO (Erythropoietin) which in turn has created more Red blood cells in which to carry oxygen. As well you have denser muscle tissue with a higher requirement for oxygen that

Earth soldiers. Therefore you do not suffer the same fatigue and lactic acid build up as the human soldiers.

2. The Obstacle Course Anatomically: Due to the extreme gravity of your planet your bones and muscles have grown to the appropriate size and thickness to handle those stressors. So a 30 ft jump would seem very small to someone from your planets gravity.Physiologically: The Osteoblasts in your bones have found reason to build the thicker bones over time on your planet. So you need a high amount of calcium to maintain the desired bone density. (Bonus Point) What planet are the Instructors from? Earth

3)In the not to distant future space travel is possible through the invention of a new undepletable fuel source. Modification of this type of fuel allows for close to light speed travel. You are female, on your way to Mars. The trip will take 5 years ONE WAY. The ship you are traveling in creates artificial gravity so your bones do not deteriorate the way they used to in the 21st century. 2 years into the expedition you experience a cosmic storm and the rays penetrate the shielding of your ship and everyone is affected. In your case your DNA has been so badly damaged that you can no longer produce Fibrocartilage. You do not realize this until it’s too late and you’re on the return trip home. 10 years have passed and you arrive in Earths orbit.

1. What is physical limitations do you have now? You can no longer turn your spine nor have children without a C section

2. In general terms what do you look like in comparison to when you started (aside from older)?

You are shorter

4)Kylee, Brandon and Ashley were all playing at the playground.  Kylee was sliding down the tall slide; Brandon was on top of the slide trying to sway in back and forth so that Ashley would have trouble climbing up the ladder.  As the slide began to tilt irreparably to the left, Brandon and Ashley leaped for safety, poor Kylee found herself hurdling ground ward and tried to save herself from a broken nose.  As they watched Kylee lift up her arm, they all noticed the wrist hanging at an odd or bent way. Brandon asked if “Are you alright? Are you in pain?" Kylee informed him that she was in immediate acute pain. She noted that it was not a compound fracture.  She pointed out the growing size and the odd angle and asked loudly: "DOES THIS LOOK OK TO YOU????"   As she looked at her wrist she thought about her upcoming ping pong tournament, she hoped her fracture was not comminuted. Ashley remembered from her A & P class that it looked like the most common fracture that happens. Kylee remembered the dreaded days of Mr. Vo. and her pain was lessened.

1. Kylee most likely broke the distal head of what bone?Distal radial fracture- the radius   2. Without doing an X-ray, how did Kylee know it was not a compound fracture?Bones did not break the skin

3. What position do you think Kylee was in to cause this fracture?  (Hint: it happens to skateboarders a lot.)Palms down to the ground.   Hands bent back.4. Why do you think Kylee was worried about having a comminuted fracture?Comminuted fractures involve more than one break and take longer to heal, and often involve surgery.5. What do you think the treatment will be for Kylee's injury?X-ray, re-position bone if needed (reduce the fracture), ice till swelling is down and then immobilize (cast or metal pins, external fixator, plate and screws) for six weeks till the bone reforms.

5)You get into your car on a pleasant night after work at the hospitals orthotics ward and turn the key to the ignition. Suddenly the car locks engage and gas starts to pour in from the dashboard vents. Your world spins, you cough and then pass out. You wake up in a dimly lit, dark, damp concrete room that looks like something out of Hostel with only one door that looks like a steel wall. You try to move and your chained to the floor with a shackle anchored by a well re-enforce piton. You also see a bone saw on the ground, its rusty and old but still looks like it could work if you turned it on. You try it on the chain, then the shackle itself, its not made for that and you only dull the blade, so you put it down. You feel pain in when you rotate your arm all the while your doing this. You think to yourself “this is not good”. You yell for someone to help, and this goes on for hours. Suddenly a TV, suspended high on the wall in front of you comes on. Its “Jigsaw” and he has a message. The video plays and says, “Welcome my friend, you have lived your life without remorse for all the people you have dealt with. The new orthotic you have been administering is grossly over priced, poorly made and has been causing bone degeneration after long time use. Now you have a chance to make amends. In your shoulder I have surgically placed a key to the shackle at your feet. (An X-ray flashes and the silhouette of a small key shows in what must be your body, it’s IN the joint of your shoulder and arm) If you have already tried the saw on the chain then you know it is no use on metal. It is useful for something else though… The choice is yours…and your time to decide starts now.” As the video winks off, the vents off to the side of the room imbedded in the floor, you never noticed till now, start to pour in water. You know you have to work quickly, otherwise the saw will short out and you will be stuck to drown. You’ve heard screaming before without understanding, but now you do, and your arm comes off with slow progress. You undo the shackle after much shaking and save the arm now floating at your feet. The door slides open with much effort and you leave.What type of joint have you just cut through?

Ball and Socket Name ALL the bones from proximal to distal that you have saved by taking your now severed limb with you.

Humerus Radius and Ulna Carpals (Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid,

Capitate, Hamate) Metacarpals Phalanges

Give the joint types that are found in the severed limb. Ball and Socket Hinge Joint

Pivot Joint Plane Joint Condyloid Joint Saddle Joint

Extra Credit: If repaired, name 3 other surgeries can you look forward to after the reattachment of the limb?

Tenolysis - frees tendons from scar tissue Capsulotomy - releases stiff, locked joints Tendon or muscle transfer - moves tendons or muscles to an area that needs the

tendon or muscle more Nerve grafting - replaces a scarred nerve or a gap in the nerves to improve how

the nerve works Late amputation - removes the part later because it does not work or has become

painful