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Planning and Organizing Instruction
Classroom Space
Rows = on task behavior and academic learningWhich students in high-traffic areas?
A clear view of the teacher and vice versa
Limit visual and auditory stimulation (??)
Students in the front of the room ?
Keep the classroom orderly and well organizedopen arrangements = + social exchanges among students
Keeping desks close
Desk Arrangement
Assigned Seat ? Establish control / choice?
A Traditional Classroom
Example Arrangements
A Triad Classroom
Example Arrangements
A quintuplet Classroom
Example Arrangements
A cross Classroom
Example Arrangements
A radiant Classroom (a)
Example Arrangements
A radiant Classroom (b)
Example Arrangements
Can easily see and hear
Arrangement of studentsEasy access to students
Teacher easily sees studentsDesks = clusters or rows?
Students in the front?
Arrangement of Materials
Frequent materials accessible
High-traffic no congestion
Academic Areas
Special Areas and CentersTeacher AreasIndividual Student Areas
Audiovisual Area
AdvantagesLarge group Instruction
It is time-efficient
Prepares for college
General and special-education collaboration
Large group InstructionDisadvantages
Hard to deal with diverse abilities and skills
Questions may go unanswered
Distractible students may remain off-task
Students may not receive intensive instruction
Instructional pace slow for high-ability students
Instructional pace fast for low-ability students
Behavioral problems may arise from frustration
Students are required to do more seatwork
Teachers must do more planning
Teachers must provide more instruction
Keep instruction short
Guidelines for large group instruction
Use questions to involve students in the lessons
Use lecture-pause routinesVisual - aids
Maintain a lively paceUse frequent “change-ups.”Determine the rules for behavior during presentations
If students misbehave, praise students who follow the rulesUse flexible groupingUse participation buddies to promote student involvement
Use response cards to promote participation
Use Ask, Pause, and CallUse signals to avoid surprise call-ons
Guidelines for small group instruction
Establish rules for small group instruction
Make the groups as homogeneous as possible
Maintain flexible groupings
Teacher can see everyone
Use motivation activities during small group work.
Tape recorder
Classroom Equipment
Overhead projector Miniature chalkboardFlannel boardGame materialsConstruction materials
Durable coveringsMagnetic board
Tracing screen
Mirror