PLANNING,ORGANISING &

DIRECTING

DEFINATION OF PLANNING

oA PLAN IS THEN A PROJECTED COURSE OF ACTION.CONCERNED WITH THE DETERMINATION OF THE OBJECTIVES TO BE ACHIEVED & COURSE OF ACTION TO BE FOLLOWED TO ACHIEVE THEM.

NATURE OF PLANNING

oPRIMACY OF PLANNING.oPERVASIVENESS OF PLANNING.oEEFICIENCY , ECONOMY & ACCURACY.

oLIMITING FACTORS.oPLANNING IS GOAL-ORIENTED.oFLEXIBILITY.oPLANNING IS AN INTELLECTUAL PROCESS.

IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING

oTO MANAGE BY OBJECTIVES.oTO OFF SET UN CERTAINTY & CHANGE.

oTO SECURE ECONOMY IN OPWERATION.

oTO HELP IN CO-ORDINATION.oTO HELP IN CO-ORDINATION.oTO MAKE CONTROL EFFECTIVE.

ADVANTAGE OF PLANNING

oWASTE OF RESOURCES CAN BE MINIMIZED.

oTO REMAIN COMPETITVE WITH OTHER RIVALS IN THE INDUSTRY.

oFUTURE CHANGE & MANAGE THE CHANGE EFFECTIVELY.

oUTILISATION OF AVAILABE RESOURCES & ENSURES OPTIMUM PRODUCTIVITY & PROFITS.

DISADVANTAGE OF PLANNING

oMANY TIMES VERY COSTLY.oINFELXIBILITY TO CHANGE.oPLANNING DELAYS ACTION.oPLANNING ENCOURAGES A FALSE SENSE OF SECURITY AGAINST RISK OR UNCERTAINTY.

PLANNING PROCESSo ANALYSIS OF EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT.

o ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL ENVIROMENT.o DETERMINATION OF MISSION.o DETERMINATION OF OBJECTIVES.o DETERMINING ALTERNATIVE COURSE

OF ACTION.o EVALUATION ALTERNATIVE COUSES.o ESTABLISHING THE SEQUENCE OF

ACTIVITES.o REVIEWING THE PLANNING PROCESS.

ORGANISINGoORGANISATION INVOLVES

DIVISION OF WORK AMONG PEOPLE WHOSE EFFORTS MUST BE CO-ORDINATED TO ACHIEVE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES & TO IMPLEMENT PREDETERMINED STRATEGIES.SHELDON DEFINES - “ORGANISATION IS THE PROCESS OF SO COMBINING THE WORK WHICK INDIVIDUALS OR GROUPS HAVE TOPERFORM WITH FACILITIES NECESSARY FOR ITS EXECUTION.”

PRINCIPLES OF ORGANISATION

o CONSIDERATION OF UNITY OF OBJECTIVES.

o SPECIALISATION.o CO-ORDINATION.o CLEAR UNBROKEN LINE OF AUTHORITY.o RESPONSIBILITY.o DELEGATION.o UNITY OF COMMAND.o SPAN OF MANAGEMENT.o COMMUNICATION

DIRECTINGo IN PRACTICE,MANAGEMENT IS

ESSENTIALLY THE ART & PROCESS OF GETTING THINGSDONE.

oACCODING TO G.R.TERRY : “DIRECTING MEANS TO ACTION & SUPPLYING STIMULAYIVE POWER TO A GROUP OF PERSON.”

oPROVIDING EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIPoPROVIDING CLIMATE FOR

“SUBORDINATE” DEVELOPMENT.

PRESENTED BYoINDRANIL

DASo2ND YEARoB.H.M.C.T