Plant Classification and Adaptation

CHAPTER 4

Plants are living things in different sizes – from very tiny to very tall ones. The smallest plant cannot be seen without using a microscope. The big ones like Acacia tree, can be seen even from far afar.

PLANT CLASSIFICATION

Spermatophytes

Seed producing plantsSuch as trees, shrubs, crop plants and vegetables, garden and wild flowers, weeds and grasses.

Gymnosperms vs

Angiosperms

Cycads

GymnospermsSeed-producing plants that do not have true flowersAlso known as conifers because they produce woody conesCones are fruits of conifers and are made up of scale

Are grown to stop the force of the winds around farms and to decorate parks and yards

Grows well in North America and Europe where the climates are temperate (ie. Baguio – pine trees)

AngiospermsSeed-producing plants that produce flowersGarden and wildflowers, weeds, plants that produce crops and vegetables, cereal grains, and trees that lose their leaves in the fall

Most of the trees in the PhilippinesDivided into two groups:

monocotyledons or monocotsDicotyledons or dicots

MonocotsPlants that produce seeds with one seed leaf

Mono means “one” cot means “seed leaf”

Usually have narrow, smooth edged, parallel-veined leaves

DicotsPlants that produce seeds with two seed leaves

Di means “two” cot means “seed leaf”

Usually have broad, irregularly shaped, netted leaves

Dicots

Plants That Do Not

Produce Seeds

Plants That Do Not Produce Seed

Have three Major Groups

ThallophytesBryophytesPteridophytes

Thallophytes

•Simplest form of plants•Have no roots, stems, or leaves

Algae•Have chlorophyll•Can make their own food•They are colored and usually grow in water

Example: blue-green, green, red and brown algae.

Fungi•Cannot make their own food•Do not have chlorophyll•Get their food from living or dead plants and animals•Some are colorless, others have varied colors

Example: yeasts, mushrooms and molds

Bryophytes• Simple plants but have more complicated parts than algae and the fungi•Have simple leaves•Do not have true roots and stems• Possesses root-like and stem-like structures•Have chlorophyll and can produce own food

Example: moss and liverwort

Bryophytes• Simple plants but have more complicated parts than algae and the fungi•Have simple leaves•Do not have true roots and stems• Possesses root-like and stem-like structures•Have chlorophyll and can produce own food

Example: moss and liverwort

Pteridophytes

•Plants that have true roots, stems and leaves but do not have flowers, fruits or seeds•Have chlorophyll and make their own food

Example: ferns and club mosses

Nemesio L. Mendiola•Known as the Luther Burband of the Philippines•Was born in Angono, Rizal and studied at the College of Agriculture of the University of the Philippines•Combined the sweetness of Hawaiian pineapple and native pina•His work included rust-resistant coffee, the ambos banana, the Bornean tsempalak, the kopolescan, and the spice nutmeg

Needs and Uses of Plants

PRACTICE(Who was paying attention?)

Classify the following Plants as Monocots and

Dicots:

1

2

34

5

Identify the following Plants as

Thallophytes, Bryophytes, or Pteridophytes:

1

2

3

4

5

Let us check!

1

2

34

5

Monocot

Monocot

Monocot

Dicot

Dicot

6

7

8

9

10

Plants are autotrophs; they are producers

They harness the energy of the sun in the process called photosynthesis

Plants uses sunlight, water, Carbon dioxide, and minerals from the soil

Photosynthesis Takes place in the leaves Air and carbon dioxide

enters the plant through the stomata

Water and minerals enter through the roots and travels through the xylem and the phloem

Photosynthesis The chloroplasts are where

photosynthesis occurs which contain chlorophyll

Chlorophyll is the pigment in the plant that absorbs sunlight

Some plants live in a bog

•A bog is wetland where the soil has high acidity but low in oxygen and mineral content

•Plants that thrive in bogs:Venus flytrap and the pitcher plant

Uses of plants

•Plants can be used for medicine

Bark of Cinchona tree

• Used for making quinine (a drug used to treat malaria)

Did you know…

• About 3.3 billion people – half of the world's population – are at risk of malaria• In 2010, there were about 219• an estimated 660 000 malaria deaths million malaria cases

Ipecac Plant

• Used to treat poison

Foxglove Leaves

• Used for heart treatment

Aloe Vera

• Used to treat burns • Believed to slow or prevent

hairloss

Camphor Tree

• Used to relieve pain• Used to relieve itching

Plant Adaptations

Thorns

• For protection

Corky, rough, thick barks

• For protection

Releases pungent odor

• For protection

rotten flesh

Oils that cause itchiness

• For protection

Can grow on water

• Don’t have long roots but have bulb-like structures

Can grow on dry soil

• Have thick and fleshy stems

Phototropism

• Plants bend towards the light to get the most sunlight

Geotropism

• Most roots grow towards the ground

Seed Dispersal

• Plants have fruits for easy dispersal (humans/animals)• Some have pods that dry

up• Some are easily carried by

the wind• Some are carried by

animals• Some can be carried by

water

Colors!

How can we ensure that there are still plants and

animals for our future generation?