Plant Kingdom

by: Raymond S. Manalastas

Review

•What you know about plant cells?

•Do they have chlorophyll

•What are their cell walls made of?

Characteristics

•Multicellular•Have chlorophyll

GROUPS

•do not have tissues to transport water and food (nonvascular)

•Have transport system(vascular)

NONVASCULAR

1.Liverworts2.Mosses3.Hornworts

NONVASCULAR

They are attached to the places where they live by means of their root-like rhizoids.

NONVASCULAR

They do not have true roots, stems and leaves so they grow very close to damp grounds, stone walls or tree trunks.

LIVERWORTS

Are flat and ribbonlike

MOSSES

have many small leaflike structures.

HORNWORTS

grow flat leaves on top of each other

When nonvascular plants mature, they also form different reproductive structures.

Liverworts develop “umbrella-like” structures that produce eggs and sperms.

Eggs and sperms in Hornworts are seen as thin “thorn-like” structures.

USES

1. Provide oxygen2. Prevent erosion3. Increase the

capacity of soil to hold water.

USES

Dried SPHAGNUM or peat moss – is used to wrap plants and breakable items during transport.

VASCULAR PLANTS

-with true roots, stems and leaves.

FERNS-with true roots, stems and leaves.-reproduce by spores.- can be found in moist, shaded and mountainous areas

FERNS-some inhabit freshwaters, while others grow on tree trunks.Ex.1. giant fern2. tree fern

USES OF FERNS1. produce food and oxygen2. plant decoration

GYMNOSPERM- plants whose seeds are borne in cones (naked seed).- sources of quality wood for making plywood and furniture.

GYMNOSPERM- also supply pulp to paper-producing factories.-provide resin, used in making perfumes and varnishes.

EXAMPLES OF GYMNOSPERM1. conifers2. cycads3. ginkgoes4. gnetophytes

CONIFERS- grow in cold countries and in elevated places in warmer climates-woody trees and have tough needle-like leavesEx. Pine trees

CONIFERSQ33. Where in the Philippines would pine trees likely grow?Q34. How would uncontrolled cutting of pine trees, for example, affect the forest ecosystem?

CYCADS- are short, palm-like plant growing in tropical and subtropical areas.

GNETOPHYTES- represented by Welwitschia which can be found in Namibia, Southwestern Africa.

ANGIOSPERMS-also called as flowering plants.

ANGIOSPERMS can be classified according to their lifespan.1. annuals2. biennials3. perennials

1. annuals – live for more than a year or one growing season and die.Ex. rice and corn

2. biennials – develop roots, stems and leaves during the first year, produce seeds on the second year, then die.

3. perennials – live for many years, usually producing woody stems like tsitsirika, bamboo, and trees.

Categories accdg. to stems1. herbs2. shrubs3. trees4. vines

EPIPHYTES – live in tree trunks for support.Ex. Orchids

Leaves of angiosperms also differ in their arrangement in the stem.1. alternately2. radially3. opposite

Q35. Which plant leaves are arranged alternately, radially and opposite each other?

Flowering plants are also classified as to the number of cotyledons present in their seeds.1. Monocotyledons(monocots)2. Dicotyledons(dicots)

MONOCOTYLEDONS – have only one cotyledon present.Ex. Coconut, grassesDICOTYLEDONS – have two cotyledons.Ex. Gumamela, mango

Q36. In terms of leaf venation, is santan a dicot or a monocot?

Q37. How about bamboo?

IMPORTANCE OF ANGIOSPERM

1. foods; rice, corn, vegetables2. most are exported; banana, mango, coffee, pineapple, tobacco, furnitures from rattan, sugar cane.

IMPORTANCE OF ANGIOSPERM

3. prevent and cure diseases; lagundi, sambong, ampalaya, and banaba

Q38. Make a list of the uses of coconut that you know.Q39. Describe how birds, butterflies and spidersbenefit from members of the angiosperms.Q40. What is the greatest contribution of plants to living things on Earth?

Assignment

1. Give other examples of archaeabacteria.