PLANTS: A SPACED LEARNING LESSON

1st Presentation – No paper or pencils!!

By: Andrea Kirk

NONVASCULAR PLANTS

NONVASCULAR PLANTS

Nonvascular: These plants lack vascular tissue to transport water and nutrients. They rely on simple diffusion to move water,

and must live in a moist environment. Cannot grow very tall because they lack

vascular tissue. Lack true roots, stems, or leaves. Some

have root-like structures called rhizoids Includes Mosses, Liverworts, and

Hornworts

NONVASCULAR PLANTS

NONVASCULAR PLANTS

Life Cycle: The gametophyte is the dominant

generationDoes not utilize seeds, but uses wind

blown spores to disperse the offspring.Flagellated sperm requires water to

reach and fertilize the egg; another reason why they must live in a moist area.

SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS

VASCULAR PLANTS

VASCULAR PLANTS

Vascular plants have specialized structures:Roots, stems, and leavesDifferentiated tissues: meristematic,

ground, vascular, and dermal tissues. Can grow much taller than nonvascular

plants due to their vascular structures. The life cycle has a dominant sporophyte

generation, in contrast to the dominant gametophyte in nonvascular plants

TISSUES Vascular plants have differentiated tissues

that perform separate but important functions. Meristematic Tissue: consists of cells that

grow and divide repeatedly. Vascular Tissue: these cells form the xylem

and phloem that transport water and nutrientsGround Tissue: has cells that are rich in

chloroplasts and conducts photosynthesisDermal Tissue: these cells protect the

vascular structures of the plant.

TISSUES IN VARIOUS PLANT PARTS

MAIN PLANT PARTS

Roots Stems Leaves

All of these parts contain dermal vascular and ground tissues.

THE ROOTS

Functions: Anchoring Absorption Storage

Structure: Root Hairs – increase the surface area for more

absorption Zone of Elongation Meristematic Zone – part of the root tip where

cells grow and divide to extend the root. Root Cap – protects the root tip

STRUCTURE

STEM

Function: Connects the roots to the leaves and acts as the plumbing for the plant

Structure: Xylem:

One way Transports water and minerals upward Stiff, thick walls

Phloem Two way Transports products of photosynthesis and water up

and down Perforated walls

STRUCTURE

STRUCTURE

LEAVES

Function: Capture the sunlight and are the main area of photosynthesis for the plant.

Structure: Leaf Margins:

LEAVES

Leaf Types

LEAF STRUCTURE

Cuticle – waxy and water repellent. Excreted by the epidermis

Epidermis - outer layer of cells Palisade Mesophyll – elongated cells that

contain a lot of chlorophyll Spongy Mesophyll – Round irregular cells that

allow for gas exchange Stoma – opening in the leaves for water and

gas movement (more on the bottom of leaf) Guard Cells – “Guard” the stoma to open and

close it. Vein – contains the xylem and phloem for the

leaf.

LEAF STRUCTURE

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Reactants Products

TYPES OF VASCULAR PLANTS

Seed: Gymnosperms Angiosperms

Seedless: Ferns Whisk ferns Horsetails

SEED VASCULAR PLANTS

Gymnosperms: Ginkgos, Gnetales, cycads, and

conifers“naked seeds” that are not enclosed in a

protective structure. The ovule normally develops on the surface of a scale (cone) or at the tip of a modified leaf.

Conifers are the most abundant gymnosperms and include pine trees

Life Cycle: The Sporophyte is the dominant portion of the life cycle.

GYMNOSPERMS

Ginkgo

Conifer

Gnetales

Cycad

SEED VASCULAR PLANTS Gymnosperms:

SEED VASCULAR PLANTS

AngiospermsThe most diverse group of land

plants.“Flowering plants” - the ovule

develops inside a protective ovary. The mature ovary becomes a fruit.

Life Cycle: The sporophyte is dominant. Double fertilization occurs to produce an endosperm, the food supply, and a zygote.

SEED VASCULAR PLANTS Angiosperms

SEED VASCULAR PLANTSAngiosperms

Two main divisions of flowering plants.Monocotyledon: Monocots

One cotyledon (seed leaf) Flower parts in threes Parallel leaf veins Scattered vascular bundles

Dicotyledon: Dicots Two cotyledons Flower parts in fours and fives Net-like leaf veins Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring.

SEED VASCULAR PLANTS Seed structure

SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS Include whisk ferns, ferns, club

mosses, and horsetails.Life Cycle: The sporophyte is

dominantUse windblown spores, not seeds, to

disperse their offspring.The sperm is flagellated and requires

water to reach the egg. These plants are limited to moist areas

SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS

SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS

Sorus = cluster of sporangia that can be located on the underside of a fern leaf.

Sporangia = enclosure of spores

SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS: FERN

Fiddlehead:An uncurling frond

BRAIN BREAK

Stretch! 2 minutes

Push-up/sit-ups Grab a partner Do as many push ups or sit ups as you can while

your partner counts for you 4 minutes

Switch and count your partners push ups and sit ups! 4 minutes