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PPT IS ON THE POLITICAL PARTIES CHAPTER OF CLASS XTH
Citation preview
POLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL PARTIES
bull MEANING
bull A group of people holding similar opinion on policies and programmes
bull who come together to contest elections
bull and hold power in the Govt is known as a political party
THREE COMPONENT OF THREE COMPONENT OF POLITICAL PARTYPOLITICAL PARTY
bull A) THE LEADERS
bull B) THE ACTIVE MEMBERS
bull C) THE FOLLOWERS
FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIESPARTIES
bull TO CONTEST ELECTIONS
bull FORMING POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES
bull MAKING LAWS
bull TO FORM AND RUN GOVTS
TO CONTEST ELECTIONSTO CONTEST ELECTIONS
TO CONTEST ELECTIONSTO CONTEST ELECTIONS
MAKING LAWSMAKING LAWS
FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIESPARTIES
bull ROLE OF THE OPPOSITION
bull TO SHAPE PUBLIC OPINION
bull ACCESS TO GOVT MACHINERY AND WELFARE SCHEMES
ACCESS TO GOVT MACHINERY AND WELFARE SCHEMES
ROLE OF THE OPPOSITIONROLE OF THE OPPOSITION
Why do we need political parties
bull Most visible institutions in a democracy
bull Help in forming the govt
bull For most ordinary citizens
bull Democracy is equal to political parties
How many parties should we have
bull In a democracy any group of citizens is free to form a political party
bull 750 parties are registered with the Election Commission of India
bull But not all these parties are serious contenders in the elections
How many major or effective parties are good for a democracy
bull 1048698 One-party system
bull 1048698 Two-party system
bull 1048698 Multi-party system
One-party systemOne-party system
bull In China only the Communist Party is allowed to rule
bull We cannot consider one party system as a good option because this is not a democratic option
bull China and Cuba are example of one-party system
Two-party systemTwo-party system
bull In some countries power usually changes between two main parties
bull But only the two main parties have a serious chance of winning majority of seats to form government
bull The United States of America and the United Kingdom are examples of two-party system
Multi-party systemMulti-party system
bull In this system the government is formed by various parties coming together in a coalition
bull For example in India there were three such major alliances in 2004 parliamentary electionsndash the National Democratic Alliance the United Progressive Alliance and the Left Front
National political parties
bull A party that secures at least six per cent of total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four States and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a national party
National political parties
bull Every party in the country has to register with the Election Commission
bull These parties are given a unique symbol ndash only the official candidates of that party can use that election symbol
PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL PARTIES
bull CPI ndash A B BARDHAN
bull CPI-M ndash PRAKASH KARAT
bull INC- SONIA GANDHI
bull BJP- NITIN GADKARI
bull BSP- MAYAWATI
bull NCP- SARAD PAWAR
Name Acronym Year Party Name Acronym Year Party leaderleader
bull 1 Bahujan Samaj PartyBSP1984Mayawatibull 2 Bharatiya Janata PartyBJP1980Nitin Gadkaribull 3 Communist Party of India CPI 1925 AB Bardhanbull 4 Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI (M) 1964 Prakash Karatbull 5 Indian National CongressINC1885 Sonia Gandhibull 6 Nationalist Congress PartyNCP1999Sharad Pawar
FLAGSFLAGS
SYMBOLSYMBOL
Indian National Congress (INC) 1885
bull Established in 1885bull It ruled continuously from 1947-1977
1980-1989 2004- till datebull Its ideological orientation the party
espouses secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities
bull Currently leads the ruling United Progressive Alliance coalition government at the Centre
Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)1980
bull Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from Indiarsquos ancient culture and values
bull Cultural nationalism (or lsquoHindutvarsquo) is an important element in its conception of Indian nationhood and politics
bull Full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India
bull A uniform civil code for all people
ATAL BIHARI BAJPAIATAL BIHARI BAJPAI
Bharatiya Janata Party
bull Came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance including several state and regional parties
bull Lost elections in 2004 and is the principal opposition party in the Lok Sabha
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Founder Kanshi Rambull Seeks to represent and secure power for
the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits adivasis OBCs and religious minorities
bull Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj Mahatma Phule Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar
MAYAWATI amp KANSIRAMMAYAWATI amp KANSIRAM
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
THREE COMPONENT OF THREE COMPONENT OF POLITICAL PARTYPOLITICAL PARTY
bull A) THE LEADERS
bull B) THE ACTIVE MEMBERS
bull C) THE FOLLOWERS
FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIESPARTIES
bull TO CONTEST ELECTIONS
bull FORMING POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES
bull MAKING LAWS
bull TO FORM AND RUN GOVTS
TO CONTEST ELECTIONSTO CONTEST ELECTIONS
TO CONTEST ELECTIONSTO CONTEST ELECTIONS
MAKING LAWSMAKING LAWS
FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIESPARTIES
bull ROLE OF THE OPPOSITION
bull TO SHAPE PUBLIC OPINION
bull ACCESS TO GOVT MACHINERY AND WELFARE SCHEMES
ACCESS TO GOVT MACHINERY AND WELFARE SCHEMES
ROLE OF THE OPPOSITIONROLE OF THE OPPOSITION
Why do we need political parties
bull Most visible institutions in a democracy
bull Help in forming the govt
bull For most ordinary citizens
bull Democracy is equal to political parties
How many parties should we have
bull In a democracy any group of citizens is free to form a political party
bull 750 parties are registered with the Election Commission of India
bull But not all these parties are serious contenders in the elections
How many major or effective parties are good for a democracy
bull 1048698 One-party system
bull 1048698 Two-party system
bull 1048698 Multi-party system
One-party systemOne-party system
bull In China only the Communist Party is allowed to rule
bull We cannot consider one party system as a good option because this is not a democratic option
bull China and Cuba are example of one-party system
Two-party systemTwo-party system
bull In some countries power usually changes between two main parties
bull But only the two main parties have a serious chance of winning majority of seats to form government
bull The United States of America and the United Kingdom are examples of two-party system
Multi-party systemMulti-party system
bull In this system the government is formed by various parties coming together in a coalition
bull For example in India there were three such major alliances in 2004 parliamentary electionsndash the National Democratic Alliance the United Progressive Alliance and the Left Front
National political parties
bull A party that secures at least six per cent of total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four States and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a national party
National political parties
bull Every party in the country has to register with the Election Commission
bull These parties are given a unique symbol ndash only the official candidates of that party can use that election symbol
PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL PARTIES
bull CPI ndash A B BARDHAN
bull CPI-M ndash PRAKASH KARAT
bull INC- SONIA GANDHI
bull BJP- NITIN GADKARI
bull BSP- MAYAWATI
bull NCP- SARAD PAWAR
Name Acronym Year Party Name Acronym Year Party leaderleader
bull 1 Bahujan Samaj PartyBSP1984Mayawatibull 2 Bharatiya Janata PartyBJP1980Nitin Gadkaribull 3 Communist Party of India CPI 1925 AB Bardhanbull 4 Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI (M) 1964 Prakash Karatbull 5 Indian National CongressINC1885 Sonia Gandhibull 6 Nationalist Congress PartyNCP1999Sharad Pawar
FLAGSFLAGS
SYMBOLSYMBOL
Indian National Congress (INC) 1885
bull Established in 1885bull It ruled continuously from 1947-1977
1980-1989 2004- till datebull Its ideological orientation the party
espouses secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities
bull Currently leads the ruling United Progressive Alliance coalition government at the Centre
Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)1980
bull Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from Indiarsquos ancient culture and values
bull Cultural nationalism (or lsquoHindutvarsquo) is an important element in its conception of Indian nationhood and politics
bull Full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India
bull A uniform civil code for all people
ATAL BIHARI BAJPAIATAL BIHARI BAJPAI
Bharatiya Janata Party
bull Came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance including several state and regional parties
bull Lost elections in 2004 and is the principal opposition party in the Lok Sabha
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Founder Kanshi Rambull Seeks to represent and secure power for
the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits adivasis OBCs and religious minorities
bull Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj Mahatma Phule Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar
MAYAWATI amp KANSIRAMMAYAWATI amp KANSIRAM
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIESPARTIES
bull TO CONTEST ELECTIONS
bull FORMING POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES
bull MAKING LAWS
bull TO FORM AND RUN GOVTS
TO CONTEST ELECTIONSTO CONTEST ELECTIONS
TO CONTEST ELECTIONSTO CONTEST ELECTIONS
MAKING LAWSMAKING LAWS
FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIESPARTIES
bull ROLE OF THE OPPOSITION
bull TO SHAPE PUBLIC OPINION
bull ACCESS TO GOVT MACHINERY AND WELFARE SCHEMES
ACCESS TO GOVT MACHINERY AND WELFARE SCHEMES
ROLE OF THE OPPOSITIONROLE OF THE OPPOSITION
Why do we need political parties
bull Most visible institutions in a democracy
bull Help in forming the govt
bull For most ordinary citizens
bull Democracy is equal to political parties
How many parties should we have
bull In a democracy any group of citizens is free to form a political party
bull 750 parties are registered with the Election Commission of India
bull But not all these parties are serious contenders in the elections
How many major or effective parties are good for a democracy
bull 1048698 One-party system
bull 1048698 Two-party system
bull 1048698 Multi-party system
One-party systemOne-party system
bull In China only the Communist Party is allowed to rule
bull We cannot consider one party system as a good option because this is not a democratic option
bull China and Cuba are example of one-party system
Two-party systemTwo-party system
bull In some countries power usually changes between two main parties
bull But only the two main parties have a serious chance of winning majority of seats to form government
bull The United States of America and the United Kingdom are examples of two-party system
Multi-party systemMulti-party system
bull In this system the government is formed by various parties coming together in a coalition
bull For example in India there were three such major alliances in 2004 parliamentary electionsndash the National Democratic Alliance the United Progressive Alliance and the Left Front
National political parties
bull A party that secures at least six per cent of total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four States and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a national party
National political parties
bull Every party in the country has to register with the Election Commission
bull These parties are given a unique symbol ndash only the official candidates of that party can use that election symbol
PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL PARTIES
bull CPI ndash A B BARDHAN
bull CPI-M ndash PRAKASH KARAT
bull INC- SONIA GANDHI
bull BJP- NITIN GADKARI
bull BSP- MAYAWATI
bull NCP- SARAD PAWAR
Name Acronym Year Party Name Acronym Year Party leaderleader
bull 1 Bahujan Samaj PartyBSP1984Mayawatibull 2 Bharatiya Janata PartyBJP1980Nitin Gadkaribull 3 Communist Party of India CPI 1925 AB Bardhanbull 4 Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI (M) 1964 Prakash Karatbull 5 Indian National CongressINC1885 Sonia Gandhibull 6 Nationalist Congress PartyNCP1999Sharad Pawar
FLAGSFLAGS
SYMBOLSYMBOL
Indian National Congress (INC) 1885
bull Established in 1885bull It ruled continuously from 1947-1977
1980-1989 2004- till datebull Its ideological orientation the party
espouses secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities
bull Currently leads the ruling United Progressive Alliance coalition government at the Centre
Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)1980
bull Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from Indiarsquos ancient culture and values
bull Cultural nationalism (or lsquoHindutvarsquo) is an important element in its conception of Indian nationhood and politics
bull Full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India
bull A uniform civil code for all people
ATAL BIHARI BAJPAIATAL BIHARI BAJPAI
Bharatiya Janata Party
bull Came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance including several state and regional parties
bull Lost elections in 2004 and is the principal opposition party in the Lok Sabha
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Founder Kanshi Rambull Seeks to represent and secure power for
the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits adivasis OBCs and religious minorities
bull Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj Mahatma Phule Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar
MAYAWATI amp KANSIRAMMAYAWATI amp KANSIRAM
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
TO CONTEST ELECTIONSTO CONTEST ELECTIONS
TO CONTEST ELECTIONSTO CONTEST ELECTIONS
MAKING LAWSMAKING LAWS
FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIESPARTIES
bull ROLE OF THE OPPOSITION
bull TO SHAPE PUBLIC OPINION
bull ACCESS TO GOVT MACHINERY AND WELFARE SCHEMES
ACCESS TO GOVT MACHINERY AND WELFARE SCHEMES
ROLE OF THE OPPOSITIONROLE OF THE OPPOSITION
Why do we need political parties
bull Most visible institutions in a democracy
bull Help in forming the govt
bull For most ordinary citizens
bull Democracy is equal to political parties
How many parties should we have
bull In a democracy any group of citizens is free to form a political party
bull 750 parties are registered with the Election Commission of India
bull But not all these parties are serious contenders in the elections
How many major or effective parties are good for a democracy
bull 1048698 One-party system
bull 1048698 Two-party system
bull 1048698 Multi-party system
One-party systemOne-party system
bull In China only the Communist Party is allowed to rule
bull We cannot consider one party system as a good option because this is not a democratic option
bull China and Cuba are example of one-party system
Two-party systemTwo-party system
bull In some countries power usually changes between two main parties
bull But only the two main parties have a serious chance of winning majority of seats to form government
bull The United States of America and the United Kingdom are examples of two-party system
Multi-party systemMulti-party system
bull In this system the government is formed by various parties coming together in a coalition
bull For example in India there were three such major alliances in 2004 parliamentary electionsndash the National Democratic Alliance the United Progressive Alliance and the Left Front
National political parties
bull A party that secures at least six per cent of total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four States and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a national party
National political parties
bull Every party in the country has to register with the Election Commission
bull These parties are given a unique symbol ndash only the official candidates of that party can use that election symbol
PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL PARTIES
bull CPI ndash A B BARDHAN
bull CPI-M ndash PRAKASH KARAT
bull INC- SONIA GANDHI
bull BJP- NITIN GADKARI
bull BSP- MAYAWATI
bull NCP- SARAD PAWAR
Name Acronym Year Party Name Acronym Year Party leaderleader
bull 1 Bahujan Samaj PartyBSP1984Mayawatibull 2 Bharatiya Janata PartyBJP1980Nitin Gadkaribull 3 Communist Party of India CPI 1925 AB Bardhanbull 4 Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI (M) 1964 Prakash Karatbull 5 Indian National CongressINC1885 Sonia Gandhibull 6 Nationalist Congress PartyNCP1999Sharad Pawar
FLAGSFLAGS
SYMBOLSYMBOL
Indian National Congress (INC) 1885
bull Established in 1885bull It ruled continuously from 1947-1977
1980-1989 2004- till datebull Its ideological orientation the party
espouses secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities
bull Currently leads the ruling United Progressive Alliance coalition government at the Centre
Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)1980
bull Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from Indiarsquos ancient culture and values
bull Cultural nationalism (or lsquoHindutvarsquo) is an important element in its conception of Indian nationhood and politics
bull Full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India
bull A uniform civil code for all people
ATAL BIHARI BAJPAIATAL BIHARI BAJPAI
Bharatiya Janata Party
bull Came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance including several state and regional parties
bull Lost elections in 2004 and is the principal opposition party in the Lok Sabha
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Founder Kanshi Rambull Seeks to represent and secure power for
the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits adivasis OBCs and religious minorities
bull Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj Mahatma Phule Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar
MAYAWATI amp KANSIRAMMAYAWATI amp KANSIRAM
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
TO CONTEST ELECTIONSTO CONTEST ELECTIONS
MAKING LAWSMAKING LAWS
FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIESPARTIES
bull ROLE OF THE OPPOSITION
bull TO SHAPE PUBLIC OPINION
bull ACCESS TO GOVT MACHINERY AND WELFARE SCHEMES
ACCESS TO GOVT MACHINERY AND WELFARE SCHEMES
ROLE OF THE OPPOSITIONROLE OF THE OPPOSITION
Why do we need political parties
bull Most visible institutions in a democracy
bull Help in forming the govt
bull For most ordinary citizens
bull Democracy is equal to political parties
How many parties should we have
bull In a democracy any group of citizens is free to form a political party
bull 750 parties are registered with the Election Commission of India
bull But not all these parties are serious contenders in the elections
How many major or effective parties are good for a democracy
bull 1048698 One-party system
bull 1048698 Two-party system
bull 1048698 Multi-party system
One-party systemOne-party system
bull In China only the Communist Party is allowed to rule
bull We cannot consider one party system as a good option because this is not a democratic option
bull China and Cuba are example of one-party system
Two-party systemTwo-party system
bull In some countries power usually changes between two main parties
bull But only the two main parties have a serious chance of winning majority of seats to form government
bull The United States of America and the United Kingdom are examples of two-party system
Multi-party systemMulti-party system
bull In this system the government is formed by various parties coming together in a coalition
bull For example in India there were three such major alliances in 2004 parliamentary electionsndash the National Democratic Alliance the United Progressive Alliance and the Left Front
National political parties
bull A party that secures at least six per cent of total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four States and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a national party
National political parties
bull Every party in the country has to register with the Election Commission
bull These parties are given a unique symbol ndash only the official candidates of that party can use that election symbol
PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL PARTIES
bull CPI ndash A B BARDHAN
bull CPI-M ndash PRAKASH KARAT
bull INC- SONIA GANDHI
bull BJP- NITIN GADKARI
bull BSP- MAYAWATI
bull NCP- SARAD PAWAR
Name Acronym Year Party Name Acronym Year Party leaderleader
bull 1 Bahujan Samaj PartyBSP1984Mayawatibull 2 Bharatiya Janata PartyBJP1980Nitin Gadkaribull 3 Communist Party of India CPI 1925 AB Bardhanbull 4 Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI (M) 1964 Prakash Karatbull 5 Indian National CongressINC1885 Sonia Gandhibull 6 Nationalist Congress PartyNCP1999Sharad Pawar
FLAGSFLAGS
SYMBOLSYMBOL
Indian National Congress (INC) 1885
bull Established in 1885bull It ruled continuously from 1947-1977
1980-1989 2004- till datebull Its ideological orientation the party
espouses secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities
bull Currently leads the ruling United Progressive Alliance coalition government at the Centre
Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)1980
bull Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from Indiarsquos ancient culture and values
bull Cultural nationalism (or lsquoHindutvarsquo) is an important element in its conception of Indian nationhood and politics
bull Full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India
bull A uniform civil code for all people
ATAL BIHARI BAJPAIATAL BIHARI BAJPAI
Bharatiya Janata Party
bull Came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance including several state and regional parties
bull Lost elections in 2004 and is the principal opposition party in the Lok Sabha
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Founder Kanshi Rambull Seeks to represent and secure power for
the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits adivasis OBCs and religious minorities
bull Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj Mahatma Phule Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar
MAYAWATI amp KANSIRAMMAYAWATI amp KANSIRAM
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
MAKING LAWSMAKING LAWS
FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIESPARTIES
bull ROLE OF THE OPPOSITION
bull TO SHAPE PUBLIC OPINION
bull ACCESS TO GOVT MACHINERY AND WELFARE SCHEMES
ACCESS TO GOVT MACHINERY AND WELFARE SCHEMES
ROLE OF THE OPPOSITIONROLE OF THE OPPOSITION
Why do we need political parties
bull Most visible institutions in a democracy
bull Help in forming the govt
bull For most ordinary citizens
bull Democracy is equal to political parties
How many parties should we have
bull In a democracy any group of citizens is free to form a political party
bull 750 parties are registered with the Election Commission of India
bull But not all these parties are serious contenders in the elections
How many major or effective parties are good for a democracy
bull 1048698 One-party system
bull 1048698 Two-party system
bull 1048698 Multi-party system
One-party systemOne-party system
bull In China only the Communist Party is allowed to rule
bull We cannot consider one party system as a good option because this is not a democratic option
bull China and Cuba are example of one-party system
Two-party systemTwo-party system
bull In some countries power usually changes between two main parties
bull But only the two main parties have a serious chance of winning majority of seats to form government
bull The United States of America and the United Kingdom are examples of two-party system
Multi-party systemMulti-party system
bull In this system the government is formed by various parties coming together in a coalition
bull For example in India there were three such major alliances in 2004 parliamentary electionsndash the National Democratic Alliance the United Progressive Alliance and the Left Front
National political parties
bull A party that secures at least six per cent of total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four States and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a national party
National political parties
bull Every party in the country has to register with the Election Commission
bull These parties are given a unique symbol ndash only the official candidates of that party can use that election symbol
PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL PARTIES
bull CPI ndash A B BARDHAN
bull CPI-M ndash PRAKASH KARAT
bull INC- SONIA GANDHI
bull BJP- NITIN GADKARI
bull BSP- MAYAWATI
bull NCP- SARAD PAWAR
Name Acronym Year Party Name Acronym Year Party leaderleader
bull 1 Bahujan Samaj PartyBSP1984Mayawatibull 2 Bharatiya Janata PartyBJP1980Nitin Gadkaribull 3 Communist Party of India CPI 1925 AB Bardhanbull 4 Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI (M) 1964 Prakash Karatbull 5 Indian National CongressINC1885 Sonia Gandhibull 6 Nationalist Congress PartyNCP1999Sharad Pawar
FLAGSFLAGS
SYMBOLSYMBOL
Indian National Congress (INC) 1885
bull Established in 1885bull It ruled continuously from 1947-1977
1980-1989 2004- till datebull Its ideological orientation the party
espouses secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities
bull Currently leads the ruling United Progressive Alliance coalition government at the Centre
Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)1980
bull Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from Indiarsquos ancient culture and values
bull Cultural nationalism (or lsquoHindutvarsquo) is an important element in its conception of Indian nationhood and politics
bull Full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India
bull A uniform civil code for all people
ATAL BIHARI BAJPAIATAL BIHARI BAJPAI
Bharatiya Janata Party
bull Came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance including several state and regional parties
bull Lost elections in 2004 and is the principal opposition party in the Lok Sabha
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Founder Kanshi Rambull Seeks to represent and secure power for
the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits adivasis OBCs and religious minorities
bull Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj Mahatma Phule Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar
MAYAWATI amp KANSIRAMMAYAWATI amp KANSIRAM
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIESPARTIES
bull ROLE OF THE OPPOSITION
bull TO SHAPE PUBLIC OPINION
bull ACCESS TO GOVT MACHINERY AND WELFARE SCHEMES
ACCESS TO GOVT MACHINERY AND WELFARE SCHEMES
ROLE OF THE OPPOSITIONROLE OF THE OPPOSITION
Why do we need political parties
bull Most visible institutions in a democracy
bull Help in forming the govt
bull For most ordinary citizens
bull Democracy is equal to political parties
How many parties should we have
bull In a democracy any group of citizens is free to form a political party
bull 750 parties are registered with the Election Commission of India
bull But not all these parties are serious contenders in the elections
How many major or effective parties are good for a democracy
bull 1048698 One-party system
bull 1048698 Two-party system
bull 1048698 Multi-party system
One-party systemOne-party system
bull In China only the Communist Party is allowed to rule
bull We cannot consider one party system as a good option because this is not a democratic option
bull China and Cuba are example of one-party system
Two-party systemTwo-party system
bull In some countries power usually changes between two main parties
bull But only the two main parties have a serious chance of winning majority of seats to form government
bull The United States of America and the United Kingdom are examples of two-party system
Multi-party systemMulti-party system
bull In this system the government is formed by various parties coming together in a coalition
bull For example in India there were three such major alliances in 2004 parliamentary electionsndash the National Democratic Alliance the United Progressive Alliance and the Left Front
National political parties
bull A party that secures at least six per cent of total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four States and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a national party
National political parties
bull Every party in the country has to register with the Election Commission
bull These parties are given a unique symbol ndash only the official candidates of that party can use that election symbol
PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL PARTIES
bull CPI ndash A B BARDHAN
bull CPI-M ndash PRAKASH KARAT
bull INC- SONIA GANDHI
bull BJP- NITIN GADKARI
bull BSP- MAYAWATI
bull NCP- SARAD PAWAR
Name Acronym Year Party Name Acronym Year Party leaderleader
bull 1 Bahujan Samaj PartyBSP1984Mayawatibull 2 Bharatiya Janata PartyBJP1980Nitin Gadkaribull 3 Communist Party of India CPI 1925 AB Bardhanbull 4 Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI (M) 1964 Prakash Karatbull 5 Indian National CongressINC1885 Sonia Gandhibull 6 Nationalist Congress PartyNCP1999Sharad Pawar
FLAGSFLAGS
SYMBOLSYMBOL
Indian National Congress (INC) 1885
bull Established in 1885bull It ruled continuously from 1947-1977
1980-1989 2004- till datebull Its ideological orientation the party
espouses secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities
bull Currently leads the ruling United Progressive Alliance coalition government at the Centre
Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)1980
bull Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from Indiarsquos ancient culture and values
bull Cultural nationalism (or lsquoHindutvarsquo) is an important element in its conception of Indian nationhood and politics
bull Full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India
bull A uniform civil code for all people
ATAL BIHARI BAJPAIATAL BIHARI BAJPAI
Bharatiya Janata Party
bull Came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance including several state and regional parties
bull Lost elections in 2004 and is the principal opposition party in the Lok Sabha
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Founder Kanshi Rambull Seeks to represent and secure power for
the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits adivasis OBCs and religious minorities
bull Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj Mahatma Phule Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar
MAYAWATI amp KANSIRAMMAYAWATI amp KANSIRAM
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
ACCESS TO GOVT MACHINERY AND WELFARE SCHEMES
ROLE OF THE OPPOSITIONROLE OF THE OPPOSITION
Why do we need political parties
bull Most visible institutions in a democracy
bull Help in forming the govt
bull For most ordinary citizens
bull Democracy is equal to political parties
How many parties should we have
bull In a democracy any group of citizens is free to form a political party
bull 750 parties are registered with the Election Commission of India
bull But not all these parties are serious contenders in the elections
How many major or effective parties are good for a democracy
bull 1048698 One-party system
bull 1048698 Two-party system
bull 1048698 Multi-party system
One-party systemOne-party system
bull In China only the Communist Party is allowed to rule
bull We cannot consider one party system as a good option because this is not a democratic option
bull China and Cuba are example of one-party system
Two-party systemTwo-party system
bull In some countries power usually changes between two main parties
bull But only the two main parties have a serious chance of winning majority of seats to form government
bull The United States of America and the United Kingdom are examples of two-party system
Multi-party systemMulti-party system
bull In this system the government is formed by various parties coming together in a coalition
bull For example in India there were three such major alliances in 2004 parliamentary electionsndash the National Democratic Alliance the United Progressive Alliance and the Left Front
National political parties
bull A party that secures at least six per cent of total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four States and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a national party
National political parties
bull Every party in the country has to register with the Election Commission
bull These parties are given a unique symbol ndash only the official candidates of that party can use that election symbol
PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL PARTIES
bull CPI ndash A B BARDHAN
bull CPI-M ndash PRAKASH KARAT
bull INC- SONIA GANDHI
bull BJP- NITIN GADKARI
bull BSP- MAYAWATI
bull NCP- SARAD PAWAR
Name Acronym Year Party Name Acronym Year Party leaderleader
bull 1 Bahujan Samaj PartyBSP1984Mayawatibull 2 Bharatiya Janata PartyBJP1980Nitin Gadkaribull 3 Communist Party of India CPI 1925 AB Bardhanbull 4 Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI (M) 1964 Prakash Karatbull 5 Indian National CongressINC1885 Sonia Gandhibull 6 Nationalist Congress PartyNCP1999Sharad Pawar
FLAGSFLAGS
SYMBOLSYMBOL
Indian National Congress (INC) 1885
bull Established in 1885bull It ruled continuously from 1947-1977
1980-1989 2004- till datebull Its ideological orientation the party
espouses secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities
bull Currently leads the ruling United Progressive Alliance coalition government at the Centre
Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)1980
bull Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from Indiarsquos ancient culture and values
bull Cultural nationalism (or lsquoHindutvarsquo) is an important element in its conception of Indian nationhood and politics
bull Full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India
bull A uniform civil code for all people
ATAL BIHARI BAJPAIATAL BIHARI BAJPAI
Bharatiya Janata Party
bull Came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance including several state and regional parties
bull Lost elections in 2004 and is the principal opposition party in the Lok Sabha
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Founder Kanshi Rambull Seeks to represent and secure power for
the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits adivasis OBCs and religious minorities
bull Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj Mahatma Phule Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar
MAYAWATI amp KANSIRAMMAYAWATI amp KANSIRAM
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
ROLE OF THE OPPOSITIONROLE OF THE OPPOSITION
Why do we need political parties
bull Most visible institutions in a democracy
bull Help in forming the govt
bull For most ordinary citizens
bull Democracy is equal to political parties
How many parties should we have
bull In a democracy any group of citizens is free to form a political party
bull 750 parties are registered with the Election Commission of India
bull But not all these parties are serious contenders in the elections
How many major or effective parties are good for a democracy
bull 1048698 One-party system
bull 1048698 Two-party system
bull 1048698 Multi-party system
One-party systemOne-party system
bull In China only the Communist Party is allowed to rule
bull We cannot consider one party system as a good option because this is not a democratic option
bull China and Cuba are example of one-party system
Two-party systemTwo-party system
bull In some countries power usually changes between two main parties
bull But only the two main parties have a serious chance of winning majority of seats to form government
bull The United States of America and the United Kingdom are examples of two-party system
Multi-party systemMulti-party system
bull In this system the government is formed by various parties coming together in a coalition
bull For example in India there were three such major alliances in 2004 parliamentary electionsndash the National Democratic Alliance the United Progressive Alliance and the Left Front
National political parties
bull A party that secures at least six per cent of total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four States and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a national party
National political parties
bull Every party in the country has to register with the Election Commission
bull These parties are given a unique symbol ndash only the official candidates of that party can use that election symbol
PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL PARTIES
bull CPI ndash A B BARDHAN
bull CPI-M ndash PRAKASH KARAT
bull INC- SONIA GANDHI
bull BJP- NITIN GADKARI
bull BSP- MAYAWATI
bull NCP- SARAD PAWAR
Name Acronym Year Party Name Acronym Year Party leaderleader
bull 1 Bahujan Samaj PartyBSP1984Mayawatibull 2 Bharatiya Janata PartyBJP1980Nitin Gadkaribull 3 Communist Party of India CPI 1925 AB Bardhanbull 4 Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI (M) 1964 Prakash Karatbull 5 Indian National CongressINC1885 Sonia Gandhibull 6 Nationalist Congress PartyNCP1999Sharad Pawar
FLAGSFLAGS
SYMBOLSYMBOL
Indian National Congress (INC) 1885
bull Established in 1885bull It ruled continuously from 1947-1977
1980-1989 2004- till datebull Its ideological orientation the party
espouses secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities
bull Currently leads the ruling United Progressive Alliance coalition government at the Centre
Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)1980
bull Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from Indiarsquos ancient culture and values
bull Cultural nationalism (or lsquoHindutvarsquo) is an important element in its conception of Indian nationhood and politics
bull Full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India
bull A uniform civil code for all people
ATAL BIHARI BAJPAIATAL BIHARI BAJPAI
Bharatiya Janata Party
bull Came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance including several state and regional parties
bull Lost elections in 2004 and is the principal opposition party in the Lok Sabha
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Founder Kanshi Rambull Seeks to represent and secure power for
the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits adivasis OBCs and religious minorities
bull Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj Mahatma Phule Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar
MAYAWATI amp KANSIRAMMAYAWATI amp KANSIRAM
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
Why do we need political parties
bull Most visible institutions in a democracy
bull Help in forming the govt
bull For most ordinary citizens
bull Democracy is equal to political parties
How many parties should we have
bull In a democracy any group of citizens is free to form a political party
bull 750 parties are registered with the Election Commission of India
bull But not all these parties are serious contenders in the elections
How many major or effective parties are good for a democracy
bull 1048698 One-party system
bull 1048698 Two-party system
bull 1048698 Multi-party system
One-party systemOne-party system
bull In China only the Communist Party is allowed to rule
bull We cannot consider one party system as a good option because this is not a democratic option
bull China and Cuba are example of one-party system
Two-party systemTwo-party system
bull In some countries power usually changes between two main parties
bull But only the two main parties have a serious chance of winning majority of seats to form government
bull The United States of America and the United Kingdom are examples of two-party system
Multi-party systemMulti-party system
bull In this system the government is formed by various parties coming together in a coalition
bull For example in India there were three such major alliances in 2004 parliamentary electionsndash the National Democratic Alliance the United Progressive Alliance and the Left Front
National political parties
bull A party that secures at least six per cent of total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four States and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a national party
National political parties
bull Every party in the country has to register with the Election Commission
bull These parties are given a unique symbol ndash only the official candidates of that party can use that election symbol
PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL PARTIES
bull CPI ndash A B BARDHAN
bull CPI-M ndash PRAKASH KARAT
bull INC- SONIA GANDHI
bull BJP- NITIN GADKARI
bull BSP- MAYAWATI
bull NCP- SARAD PAWAR
Name Acronym Year Party Name Acronym Year Party leaderleader
bull 1 Bahujan Samaj PartyBSP1984Mayawatibull 2 Bharatiya Janata PartyBJP1980Nitin Gadkaribull 3 Communist Party of India CPI 1925 AB Bardhanbull 4 Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI (M) 1964 Prakash Karatbull 5 Indian National CongressINC1885 Sonia Gandhibull 6 Nationalist Congress PartyNCP1999Sharad Pawar
FLAGSFLAGS
SYMBOLSYMBOL
Indian National Congress (INC) 1885
bull Established in 1885bull It ruled continuously from 1947-1977
1980-1989 2004- till datebull Its ideological orientation the party
espouses secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities
bull Currently leads the ruling United Progressive Alliance coalition government at the Centre
Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)1980
bull Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from Indiarsquos ancient culture and values
bull Cultural nationalism (or lsquoHindutvarsquo) is an important element in its conception of Indian nationhood and politics
bull Full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India
bull A uniform civil code for all people
ATAL BIHARI BAJPAIATAL BIHARI BAJPAI
Bharatiya Janata Party
bull Came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance including several state and regional parties
bull Lost elections in 2004 and is the principal opposition party in the Lok Sabha
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Founder Kanshi Rambull Seeks to represent and secure power for
the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits adivasis OBCs and religious minorities
bull Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj Mahatma Phule Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar
MAYAWATI amp KANSIRAMMAYAWATI amp KANSIRAM
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
How many parties should we have
bull In a democracy any group of citizens is free to form a political party
bull 750 parties are registered with the Election Commission of India
bull But not all these parties are serious contenders in the elections
How many major or effective parties are good for a democracy
bull 1048698 One-party system
bull 1048698 Two-party system
bull 1048698 Multi-party system
One-party systemOne-party system
bull In China only the Communist Party is allowed to rule
bull We cannot consider one party system as a good option because this is not a democratic option
bull China and Cuba are example of one-party system
Two-party systemTwo-party system
bull In some countries power usually changes between two main parties
bull But only the two main parties have a serious chance of winning majority of seats to form government
bull The United States of America and the United Kingdom are examples of two-party system
Multi-party systemMulti-party system
bull In this system the government is formed by various parties coming together in a coalition
bull For example in India there were three such major alliances in 2004 parliamentary electionsndash the National Democratic Alliance the United Progressive Alliance and the Left Front
National political parties
bull A party that secures at least six per cent of total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four States and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a national party
National political parties
bull Every party in the country has to register with the Election Commission
bull These parties are given a unique symbol ndash only the official candidates of that party can use that election symbol
PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL PARTIES
bull CPI ndash A B BARDHAN
bull CPI-M ndash PRAKASH KARAT
bull INC- SONIA GANDHI
bull BJP- NITIN GADKARI
bull BSP- MAYAWATI
bull NCP- SARAD PAWAR
Name Acronym Year Party Name Acronym Year Party leaderleader
bull 1 Bahujan Samaj PartyBSP1984Mayawatibull 2 Bharatiya Janata PartyBJP1980Nitin Gadkaribull 3 Communist Party of India CPI 1925 AB Bardhanbull 4 Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI (M) 1964 Prakash Karatbull 5 Indian National CongressINC1885 Sonia Gandhibull 6 Nationalist Congress PartyNCP1999Sharad Pawar
FLAGSFLAGS
SYMBOLSYMBOL
Indian National Congress (INC) 1885
bull Established in 1885bull It ruled continuously from 1947-1977
1980-1989 2004- till datebull Its ideological orientation the party
espouses secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities
bull Currently leads the ruling United Progressive Alliance coalition government at the Centre
Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)1980
bull Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from Indiarsquos ancient culture and values
bull Cultural nationalism (or lsquoHindutvarsquo) is an important element in its conception of Indian nationhood and politics
bull Full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India
bull A uniform civil code for all people
ATAL BIHARI BAJPAIATAL BIHARI BAJPAI
Bharatiya Janata Party
bull Came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance including several state and regional parties
bull Lost elections in 2004 and is the principal opposition party in the Lok Sabha
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Founder Kanshi Rambull Seeks to represent and secure power for
the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits adivasis OBCs and religious minorities
bull Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj Mahatma Phule Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar
MAYAWATI amp KANSIRAMMAYAWATI amp KANSIRAM
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
How many major or effective parties are good for a democracy
bull 1048698 One-party system
bull 1048698 Two-party system
bull 1048698 Multi-party system
One-party systemOne-party system
bull In China only the Communist Party is allowed to rule
bull We cannot consider one party system as a good option because this is not a democratic option
bull China and Cuba are example of one-party system
Two-party systemTwo-party system
bull In some countries power usually changes between two main parties
bull But only the two main parties have a serious chance of winning majority of seats to form government
bull The United States of America and the United Kingdom are examples of two-party system
Multi-party systemMulti-party system
bull In this system the government is formed by various parties coming together in a coalition
bull For example in India there were three such major alliances in 2004 parliamentary electionsndash the National Democratic Alliance the United Progressive Alliance and the Left Front
National political parties
bull A party that secures at least six per cent of total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four States and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a national party
National political parties
bull Every party in the country has to register with the Election Commission
bull These parties are given a unique symbol ndash only the official candidates of that party can use that election symbol
PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL PARTIES
bull CPI ndash A B BARDHAN
bull CPI-M ndash PRAKASH KARAT
bull INC- SONIA GANDHI
bull BJP- NITIN GADKARI
bull BSP- MAYAWATI
bull NCP- SARAD PAWAR
Name Acronym Year Party Name Acronym Year Party leaderleader
bull 1 Bahujan Samaj PartyBSP1984Mayawatibull 2 Bharatiya Janata PartyBJP1980Nitin Gadkaribull 3 Communist Party of India CPI 1925 AB Bardhanbull 4 Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI (M) 1964 Prakash Karatbull 5 Indian National CongressINC1885 Sonia Gandhibull 6 Nationalist Congress PartyNCP1999Sharad Pawar
FLAGSFLAGS
SYMBOLSYMBOL
Indian National Congress (INC) 1885
bull Established in 1885bull It ruled continuously from 1947-1977
1980-1989 2004- till datebull Its ideological orientation the party
espouses secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities
bull Currently leads the ruling United Progressive Alliance coalition government at the Centre
Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)1980
bull Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from Indiarsquos ancient culture and values
bull Cultural nationalism (or lsquoHindutvarsquo) is an important element in its conception of Indian nationhood and politics
bull Full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India
bull A uniform civil code for all people
ATAL BIHARI BAJPAIATAL BIHARI BAJPAI
Bharatiya Janata Party
bull Came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance including several state and regional parties
bull Lost elections in 2004 and is the principal opposition party in the Lok Sabha
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Founder Kanshi Rambull Seeks to represent and secure power for
the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits adivasis OBCs and religious minorities
bull Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj Mahatma Phule Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar
MAYAWATI amp KANSIRAMMAYAWATI amp KANSIRAM
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
One-party systemOne-party system
bull In China only the Communist Party is allowed to rule
bull We cannot consider one party system as a good option because this is not a democratic option
bull China and Cuba are example of one-party system
Two-party systemTwo-party system
bull In some countries power usually changes between two main parties
bull But only the two main parties have a serious chance of winning majority of seats to form government
bull The United States of America and the United Kingdom are examples of two-party system
Multi-party systemMulti-party system
bull In this system the government is formed by various parties coming together in a coalition
bull For example in India there were three such major alliances in 2004 parliamentary electionsndash the National Democratic Alliance the United Progressive Alliance and the Left Front
National political parties
bull A party that secures at least six per cent of total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four States and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a national party
National political parties
bull Every party in the country has to register with the Election Commission
bull These parties are given a unique symbol ndash only the official candidates of that party can use that election symbol
PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL PARTIES
bull CPI ndash A B BARDHAN
bull CPI-M ndash PRAKASH KARAT
bull INC- SONIA GANDHI
bull BJP- NITIN GADKARI
bull BSP- MAYAWATI
bull NCP- SARAD PAWAR
Name Acronym Year Party Name Acronym Year Party leaderleader
bull 1 Bahujan Samaj PartyBSP1984Mayawatibull 2 Bharatiya Janata PartyBJP1980Nitin Gadkaribull 3 Communist Party of India CPI 1925 AB Bardhanbull 4 Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI (M) 1964 Prakash Karatbull 5 Indian National CongressINC1885 Sonia Gandhibull 6 Nationalist Congress PartyNCP1999Sharad Pawar
FLAGSFLAGS
SYMBOLSYMBOL
Indian National Congress (INC) 1885
bull Established in 1885bull It ruled continuously from 1947-1977
1980-1989 2004- till datebull Its ideological orientation the party
espouses secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities
bull Currently leads the ruling United Progressive Alliance coalition government at the Centre
Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)1980
bull Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from Indiarsquos ancient culture and values
bull Cultural nationalism (or lsquoHindutvarsquo) is an important element in its conception of Indian nationhood and politics
bull Full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India
bull A uniform civil code for all people
ATAL BIHARI BAJPAIATAL BIHARI BAJPAI
Bharatiya Janata Party
bull Came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance including several state and regional parties
bull Lost elections in 2004 and is the principal opposition party in the Lok Sabha
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Founder Kanshi Rambull Seeks to represent and secure power for
the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits adivasis OBCs and religious minorities
bull Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj Mahatma Phule Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar
MAYAWATI amp KANSIRAMMAYAWATI amp KANSIRAM
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
Two-party systemTwo-party system
bull In some countries power usually changes between two main parties
bull But only the two main parties have a serious chance of winning majority of seats to form government
bull The United States of America and the United Kingdom are examples of two-party system
Multi-party systemMulti-party system
bull In this system the government is formed by various parties coming together in a coalition
bull For example in India there were three such major alliances in 2004 parliamentary electionsndash the National Democratic Alliance the United Progressive Alliance and the Left Front
National political parties
bull A party that secures at least six per cent of total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four States and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a national party
National political parties
bull Every party in the country has to register with the Election Commission
bull These parties are given a unique symbol ndash only the official candidates of that party can use that election symbol
PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL PARTIES
bull CPI ndash A B BARDHAN
bull CPI-M ndash PRAKASH KARAT
bull INC- SONIA GANDHI
bull BJP- NITIN GADKARI
bull BSP- MAYAWATI
bull NCP- SARAD PAWAR
Name Acronym Year Party Name Acronym Year Party leaderleader
bull 1 Bahujan Samaj PartyBSP1984Mayawatibull 2 Bharatiya Janata PartyBJP1980Nitin Gadkaribull 3 Communist Party of India CPI 1925 AB Bardhanbull 4 Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI (M) 1964 Prakash Karatbull 5 Indian National CongressINC1885 Sonia Gandhibull 6 Nationalist Congress PartyNCP1999Sharad Pawar
FLAGSFLAGS
SYMBOLSYMBOL
Indian National Congress (INC) 1885
bull Established in 1885bull It ruled continuously from 1947-1977
1980-1989 2004- till datebull Its ideological orientation the party
espouses secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities
bull Currently leads the ruling United Progressive Alliance coalition government at the Centre
Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)1980
bull Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from Indiarsquos ancient culture and values
bull Cultural nationalism (or lsquoHindutvarsquo) is an important element in its conception of Indian nationhood and politics
bull Full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India
bull A uniform civil code for all people
ATAL BIHARI BAJPAIATAL BIHARI BAJPAI
Bharatiya Janata Party
bull Came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance including several state and regional parties
bull Lost elections in 2004 and is the principal opposition party in the Lok Sabha
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Founder Kanshi Rambull Seeks to represent and secure power for
the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits adivasis OBCs and religious minorities
bull Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj Mahatma Phule Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar
MAYAWATI amp KANSIRAMMAYAWATI amp KANSIRAM
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
Multi-party systemMulti-party system
bull In this system the government is formed by various parties coming together in a coalition
bull For example in India there were three such major alliances in 2004 parliamentary electionsndash the National Democratic Alliance the United Progressive Alliance and the Left Front
National political parties
bull A party that secures at least six per cent of total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four States and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a national party
National political parties
bull Every party in the country has to register with the Election Commission
bull These parties are given a unique symbol ndash only the official candidates of that party can use that election symbol
PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL PARTIES
bull CPI ndash A B BARDHAN
bull CPI-M ndash PRAKASH KARAT
bull INC- SONIA GANDHI
bull BJP- NITIN GADKARI
bull BSP- MAYAWATI
bull NCP- SARAD PAWAR
Name Acronym Year Party Name Acronym Year Party leaderleader
bull 1 Bahujan Samaj PartyBSP1984Mayawatibull 2 Bharatiya Janata PartyBJP1980Nitin Gadkaribull 3 Communist Party of India CPI 1925 AB Bardhanbull 4 Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI (M) 1964 Prakash Karatbull 5 Indian National CongressINC1885 Sonia Gandhibull 6 Nationalist Congress PartyNCP1999Sharad Pawar
FLAGSFLAGS
SYMBOLSYMBOL
Indian National Congress (INC) 1885
bull Established in 1885bull It ruled continuously from 1947-1977
1980-1989 2004- till datebull Its ideological orientation the party
espouses secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities
bull Currently leads the ruling United Progressive Alliance coalition government at the Centre
Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)1980
bull Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from Indiarsquos ancient culture and values
bull Cultural nationalism (or lsquoHindutvarsquo) is an important element in its conception of Indian nationhood and politics
bull Full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India
bull A uniform civil code for all people
ATAL BIHARI BAJPAIATAL BIHARI BAJPAI
Bharatiya Janata Party
bull Came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance including several state and regional parties
bull Lost elections in 2004 and is the principal opposition party in the Lok Sabha
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Founder Kanshi Rambull Seeks to represent and secure power for
the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits adivasis OBCs and religious minorities
bull Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj Mahatma Phule Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar
MAYAWATI amp KANSIRAMMAYAWATI amp KANSIRAM
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
National political parties
bull A party that secures at least six per cent of total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four States and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a national party
National political parties
bull Every party in the country has to register with the Election Commission
bull These parties are given a unique symbol ndash only the official candidates of that party can use that election symbol
PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL PARTIES
bull CPI ndash A B BARDHAN
bull CPI-M ndash PRAKASH KARAT
bull INC- SONIA GANDHI
bull BJP- NITIN GADKARI
bull BSP- MAYAWATI
bull NCP- SARAD PAWAR
Name Acronym Year Party Name Acronym Year Party leaderleader
bull 1 Bahujan Samaj PartyBSP1984Mayawatibull 2 Bharatiya Janata PartyBJP1980Nitin Gadkaribull 3 Communist Party of India CPI 1925 AB Bardhanbull 4 Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI (M) 1964 Prakash Karatbull 5 Indian National CongressINC1885 Sonia Gandhibull 6 Nationalist Congress PartyNCP1999Sharad Pawar
FLAGSFLAGS
SYMBOLSYMBOL
Indian National Congress (INC) 1885
bull Established in 1885bull It ruled continuously from 1947-1977
1980-1989 2004- till datebull Its ideological orientation the party
espouses secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities
bull Currently leads the ruling United Progressive Alliance coalition government at the Centre
Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)1980
bull Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from Indiarsquos ancient culture and values
bull Cultural nationalism (or lsquoHindutvarsquo) is an important element in its conception of Indian nationhood and politics
bull Full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India
bull A uniform civil code for all people
ATAL BIHARI BAJPAIATAL BIHARI BAJPAI
Bharatiya Janata Party
bull Came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance including several state and regional parties
bull Lost elections in 2004 and is the principal opposition party in the Lok Sabha
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Founder Kanshi Rambull Seeks to represent and secure power for
the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits adivasis OBCs and religious minorities
bull Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj Mahatma Phule Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar
MAYAWATI amp KANSIRAMMAYAWATI amp KANSIRAM
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
National political parties
bull Every party in the country has to register with the Election Commission
bull These parties are given a unique symbol ndash only the official candidates of that party can use that election symbol
PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL PARTIES
bull CPI ndash A B BARDHAN
bull CPI-M ndash PRAKASH KARAT
bull INC- SONIA GANDHI
bull BJP- NITIN GADKARI
bull BSP- MAYAWATI
bull NCP- SARAD PAWAR
Name Acronym Year Party Name Acronym Year Party leaderleader
bull 1 Bahujan Samaj PartyBSP1984Mayawatibull 2 Bharatiya Janata PartyBJP1980Nitin Gadkaribull 3 Communist Party of India CPI 1925 AB Bardhanbull 4 Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI (M) 1964 Prakash Karatbull 5 Indian National CongressINC1885 Sonia Gandhibull 6 Nationalist Congress PartyNCP1999Sharad Pawar
FLAGSFLAGS
SYMBOLSYMBOL
Indian National Congress (INC) 1885
bull Established in 1885bull It ruled continuously from 1947-1977
1980-1989 2004- till datebull Its ideological orientation the party
espouses secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities
bull Currently leads the ruling United Progressive Alliance coalition government at the Centre
Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)1980
bull Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from Indiarsquos ancient culture and values
bull Cultural nationalism (or lsquoHindutvarsquo) is an important element in its conception of Indian nationhood and politics
bull Full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India
bull A uniform civil code for all people
ATAL BIHARI BAJPAIATAL BIHARI BAJPAI
Bharatiya Janata Party
bull Came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance including several state and regional parties
bull Lost elections in 2004 and is the principal opposition party in the Lok Sabha
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Founder Kanshi Rambull Seeks to represent and secure power for
the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits adivasis OBCs and religious minorities
bull Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj Mahatma Phule Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar
MAYAWATI amp KANSIRAMMAYAWATI amp KANSIRAM
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL PARTIES
bull CPI ndash A B BARDHAN
bull CPI-M ndash PRAKASH KARAT
bull INC- SONIA GANDHI
bull BJP- NITIN GADKARI
bull BSP- MAYAWATI
bull NCP- SARAD PAWAR
Name Acronym Year Party Name Acronym Year Party leaderleader
bull 1 Bahujan Samaj PartyBSP1984Mayawatibull 2 Bharatiya Janata PartyBJP1980Nitin Gadkaribull 3 Communist Party of India CPI 1925 AB Bardhanbull 4 Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI (M) 1964 Prakash Karatbull 5 Indian National CongressINC1885 Sonia Gandhibull 6 Nationalist Congress PartyNCP1999Sharad Pawar
FLAGSFLAGS
SYMBOLSYMBOL
Indian National Congress (INC) 1885
bull Established in 1885bull It ruled continuously from 1947-1977
1980-1989 2004- till datebull Its ideological orientation the party
espouses secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities
bull Currently leads the ruling United Progressive Alliance coalition government at the Centre
Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)1980
bull Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from Indiarsquos ancient culture and values
bull Cultural nationalism (or lsquoHindutvarsquo) is an important element in its conception of Indian nationhood and politics
bull Full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India
bull A uniform civil code for all people
ATAL BIHARI BAJPAIATAL BIHARI BAJPAI
Bharatiya Janata Party
bull Came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance including several state and regional parties
bull Lost elections in 2004 and is the principal opposition party in the Lok Sabha
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Founder Kanshi Rambull Seeks to represent and secure power for
the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits adivasis OBCs and religious minorities
bull Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj Mahatma Phule Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar
MAYAWATI amp KANSIRAMMAYAWATI amp KANSIRAM
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
Name Acronym Year Party Name Acronym Year Party leaderleader
bull 1 Bahujan Samaj PartyBSP1984Mayawatibull 2 Bharatiya Janata PartyBJP1980Nitin Gadkaribull 3 Communist Party of India CPI 1925 AB Bardhanbull 4 Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI (M) 1964 Prakash Karatbull 5 Indian National CongressINC1885 Sonia Gandhibull 6 Nationalist Congress PartyNCP1999Sharad Pawar
FLAGSFLAGS
SYMBOLSYMBOL
Indian National Congress (INC) 1885
bull Established in 1885bull It ruled continuously from 1947-1977
1980-1989 2004- till datebull Its ideological orientation the party
espouses secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities
bull Currently leads the ruling United Progressive Alliance coalition government at the Centre
Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)1980
bull Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from Indiarsquos ancient culture and values
bull Cultural nationalism (or lsquoHindutvarsquo) is an important element in its conception of Indian nationhood and politics
bull Full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India
bull A uniform civil code for all people
ATAL BIHARI BAJPAIATAL BIHARI BAJPAI
Bharatiya Janata Party
bull Came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance including several state and regional parties
bull Lost elections in 2004 and is the principal opposition party in the Lok Sabha
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Founder Kanshi Rambull Seeks to represent and secure power for
the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits adivasis OBCs and religious minorities
bull Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj Mahatma Phule Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar
MAYAWATI amp KANSIRAMMAYAWATI amp KANSIRAM
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
FLAGSFLAGS
SYMBOLSYMBOL
Indian National Congress (INC) 1885
bull Established in 1885bull It ruled continuously from 1947-1977
1980-1989 2004- till datebull Its ideological orientation the party
espouses secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities
bull Currently leads the ruling United Progressive Alliance coalition government at the Centre
Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)1980
bull Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from Indiarsquos ancient culture and values
bull Cultural nationalism (or lsquoHindutvarsquo) is an important element in its conception of Indian nationhood and politics
bull Full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India
bull A uniform civil code for all people
ATAL BIHARI BAJPAIATAL BIHARI BAJPAI
Bharatiya Janata Party
bull Came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance including several state and regional parties
bull Lost elections in 2004 and is the principal opposition party in the Lok Sabha
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Founder Kanshi Rambull Seeks to represent and secure power for
the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits adivasis OBCs and religious minorities
bull Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj Mahatma Phule Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar
MAYAWATI amp KANSIRAMMAYAWATI amp KANSIRAM
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
SYMBOLSYMBOL
Indian National Congress (INC) 1885
bull Established in 1885bull It ruled continuously from 1947-1977
1980-1989 2004- till datebull Its ideological orientation the party
espouses secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities
bull Currently leads the ruling United Progressive Alliance coalition government at the Centre
Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)1980
bull Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from Indiarsquos ancient culture and values
bull Cultural nationalism (or lsquoHindutvarsquo) is an important element in its conception of Indian nationhood and politics
bull Full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India
bull A uniform civil code for all people
ATAL BIHARI BAJPAIATAL BIHARI BAJPAI
Bharatiya Janata Party
bull Came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance including several state and regional parties
bull Lost elections in 2004 and is the principal opposition party in the Lok Sabha
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Founder Kanshi Rambull Seeks to represent and secure power for
the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits adivasis OBCs and religious minorities
bull Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj Mahatma Phule Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar
MAYAWATI amp KANSIRAMMAYAWATI amp KANSIRAM
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
Indian National Congress (INC) 1885
bull Established in 1885bull It ruled continuously from 1947-1977
1980-1989 2004- till datebull Its ideological orientation the party
espouses secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities
bull Currently leads the ruling United Progressive Alliance coalition government at the Centre
Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)1980
bull Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from Indiarsquos ancient culture and values
bull Cultural nationalism (or lsquoHindutvarsquo) is an important element in its conception of Indian nationhood and politics
bull Full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India
bull A uniform civil code for all people
ATAL BIHARI BAJPAIATAL BIHARI BAJPAI
Bharatiya Janata Party
bull Came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance including several state and regional parties
bull Lost elections in 2004 and is the principal opposition party in the Lok Sabha
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Founder Kanshi Rambull Seeks to represent and secure power for
the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits adivasis OBCs and religious minorities
bull Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj Mahatma Phule Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar
MAYAWATI amp KANSIRAMMAYAWATI amp KANSIRAM
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)1980
bull Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from Indiarsquos ancient culture and values
bull Cultural nationalism (or lsquoHindutvarsquo) is an important element in its conception of Indian nationhood and politics
bull Full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India
bull A uniform civil code for all people
ATAL BIHARI BAJPAIATAL BIHARI BAJPAI
Bharatiya Janata Party
bull Came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance including several state and regional parties
bull Lost elections in 2004 and is the principal opposition party in the Lok Sabha
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Founder Kanshi Rambull Seeks to represent and secure power for
the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits adivasis OBCs and religious minorities
bull Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj Mahatma Phule Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar
MAYAWATI amp KANSIRAMMAYAWATI amp KANSIRAM
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
ATAL BIHARI BAJPAIATAL BIHARI BAJPAI
Bharatiya Janata Party
bull Came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance including several state and regional parties
bull Lost elections in 2004 and is the principal opposition party in the Lok Sabha
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Founder Kanshi Rambull Seeks to represent and secure power for
the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits adivasis OBCs and religious minorities
bull Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj Mahatma Phule Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar
MAYAWATI amp KANSIRAMMAYAWATI amp KANSIRAM
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
Bharatiya Janata Party
bull Came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance including several state and regional parties
bull Lost elections in 2004 and is the principal opposition party in the Lok Sabha
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Founder Kanshi Rambull Seeks to represent and secure power for
the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits adivasis OBCs and religious minorities
bull Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj Mahatma Phule Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar
MAYAWATI amp KANSIRAMMAYAWATI amp KANSIRAM
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Founder Kanshi Rambull Seeks to represent and secure power for
the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits adivasis OBCs and religious minorities
bull Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj Mahatma Phule Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar
MAYAWATI amp KANSIRAMMAYAWATI amp KANSIRAM
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
MAYAWATI amp KANSIRAMMAYAWATI amp KANSIRAM
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
Bahujan SamajParty (BSP) 1984
bull Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttarakhand Delhi and Punjab
bull In the Lok Sabha elections held in 2004 it polled about 5 per cent votes and secured 19 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Believes in Marxism- Leninism
bull Supports socialism secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism
bull Enjoys strong support in West Bengal Kerala and Tripura among the poor factory workers farmers agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
SOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI MSOMNATH CHATTERGY CPI M
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
Communist Party ofIndia - Marxist (CPI-M)1964
bull Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 years
bull In 2004 elections it won about 6 per cent of votes and 43 seats in the Lok Sabha
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Believes in Marxism-Leninism secularism and democracy
bull Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism
bull Promoting the interests of the working class farmers and the poor
bull Split in the party in 1964( CPI M )
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
Communist Party ofIndia (CPI)1925
bull Kerala West Bengal Punjab Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
bull Advocates the coming together of all left parties to build a strong left front
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
Nationalist CongressParty (NCP)1999
bull Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party
bull Espouses democracy Gandhian secularism equity social justice and federalism
bull A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya Manipur and Assam
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
bull A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the Congress
bull Since 2004 a member of the United Progressive Alliance
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
STATE POLITICAL PARTYSTATE POLITICAL PARTY
bull A party that secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
State parties
bull Other than these six parties most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission as lsquoState partiesrsquo
bull Parties like the Samajwadi Party Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units in several states
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
Challenges to political parties
The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties
Parties do not keep membership registers do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly
The second challenge of dynastic succession is related to the first one
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
Challenges to political parties
Since most political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures for their functioning there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party
They tend to use short-cuts to win elections Number of criminals are increasing in the
political parties The third challenge is about the growing role
of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
Challenges to political parties
The third challenge is about the growing role of money and muscle power in parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
Challenges to political parties
The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters
In order to offer meaningful choice parties must be significantly different
In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
How can parties be reformed
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
How can parties be reformed
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties( DEFECTION)(DAL-BADAL)
Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties he or she will lose the seat in the legislature
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
How can parties be reformed
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals
Now it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him
The Election Commission passed an order to file their income tax returns its mandatory for the political party
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
Besides these many suggestions areoften made to reform political parties Political parties should maintain register of
their members to follow its own constitution to have an independent authority to act as a judge in case of party disputes
About one-third seats to be given to women candidates
There should be state funding of elections The government should give parties money to
support their election expenses
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties
There are two other ways in whichpolitical parties can be reformed
(1) People can put pressure on political parties This can be done through petitions publicity
and agitations
(2) Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties