Political Checkpoint

Objective: Explain the importance of political

checkpoints in controlling the river population

Political Checkpoint

• Definition:Political checkpoint are the centre of

territorial administration

Territorial administration: a geographical area where it is controlled by authority

At the beginning, political checkpoint were created at trading centres located at

river mouth used by the Brunei’s Malays to control the Kedayan and Bisaya tribes

Kampung: A small area including small

community / settlement along the rivers banks. Each of the community formed

tiny political system.

Daerah: Daerah made of several kampungs and spread along one or two rivers which flow into the

mouth of a larger river

Negeri: large administrative centres created at river mouth.

1. To have better control of the human resources►Control over the rivers meant control over

natives►The natives were important because they

provided Brunei’s market with valuable forest product

Why were the political checkpoint established?

2. To collect taxes►The natives provided the rulers with their main

source of income►The natives had to pay the Sultan and the Royal

Family different types of taxes

Example of Political Checkpoint

Pangkalan Balei (Kuala Balai) – controlled by Pengiran Pemancha

Example of Political Checkpoint

Along the banks of Pangkalan Tarap –

controlled by Pengiran Temenggong

Example of Political Checkpoint

Southwest Borneo; Patusan (various representatives of the Sultan at Sekrang river

live in the village)

Example of Political Checkpoint

Kampung Kuching (A Bendahara, Pengiran Muda

Hashim, resided there)

The Importance of Political Checkpoint

Human Resource

s (natives)

Provide forest product

Pay revenue / taxes to the Sultan

Source of income to the royal family

To control

Brunei’s

Malaysriver’s mouth

(trading centre)

Kedayan and

Bisaya

Located at

to control

KAMPUNG:

DAERAH

NEGERI