POLLUTION OF AIR & WATER

TANAY SHUKLAVIII B

POLLUTION OF AIR

AIR POLLUTION The air and water are not the same as our elders had enjoyed.

There are chances that clean Air and Water may no longer be available to us.

Harmful changes that take place in our surroundings are effecting our lives

AIR POLLUTION Survival without Air is impossible.

Air consists of a mixture of gases. Nitrogen 78% Oxygen 21% Carbon Dioxide, Argon, Methane, Ozone and Water Vapour 1%

AIR POLLUTION There is a difference in air at the following places:-

A park A busy road A residential area An industrial area A village and a town

AIR POLLUTION There is a change in the Air at all these places.

The change is in the smoke that is present in the Air.

When Air is contaminated by unwanted substances which have harmful effect both on living and non-living things it is said to be polluted.

HOW DOES AIR GET POLLUTED ?

The substance that contaminate air are called Air pollutanats.

Sometimes Air pollutants can be natural sources such as:-

Smoke and dust from forest fire Volcanic erruptions

AIR POLLUTION BY NATURE

HOW DOES AIR GET POLLUTED ?

Pollutants are also added to the atmosphere by human activities such as:-

Factories Power plants Automobile exaust Burning of firewood Burning of cow dung

This has resulted in rise of respiratory problemes.

AIR POLLUTION BY INDUSTRIES

AIR POLLUTION BY MAN

AIR POLLUTION BY MAN

VEHICULAR POLLUTION Vehiles produce high levels of pollutants like:-

Carbon monoxide - Produced by incomplete burning of fule such as petrol and diesel. It is a poisonous gas. It reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of blood. Nitrogen oxide Smoke

AIR POLLUTION BY MAN

SMOG Smog is made up of smoke and fog. Smoke may contain oxides of nitrogen which combine with other air pollutants and fog to form smog.

The smog causes breathing difficulties such as asthma, cough and wheezing in children.

SMOG

INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION Industries also cause air pollution. Petroleum refiniries are major sources of gaseous pollutant such as sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. Sulphur dioxide is produced by burning of coal. It can cause respiraory problemes including permanent lung damage.

OTHER POLLUTANTS Chloroflurocarbons (CFC) are used in refigerators, air conditioners and aerosol sprays. CFCs damage the ozone layer. In addition automobile exaust produces tiny particles which reduce visibility.

CASE STUDY - THE TAJ MAHAL Taj Mahal is made up of white marble.

The are pollutants are affecting the structure.

It is not only the living organisms but also non-living things that get affected by Air pollution.

Industries in and around Taj Mahal produce sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide.

CASE STUDY - THE TAJ MAHAL Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide react with the water vapour present in the atmosphere to form sulphuric acid and nitric acid.

The acid drops down with rain making it Acid Rain.

This Acid Rain corrodes the marble and is calles Marble Cancer.

TAJ MAHAL BEFORE AND AFTER ACID RAIN

CASE STUDY - THE TAJ MAHAL The Supreme Court has ordered the industries to switch to cleaner fules like CNG and LPG.

The automobiles should switch to unleaded petrol.

GREEN HOUSE EFFECT The Sun's rays warm the Earth's surface.

A part of the radiation gets absobed.

A part of raidation is reflected.

A part of the reflected radiation is traped in the atmosphere.

The traped radiation further warms the Earth.

GREEN HOUSE EFFECT

GREEN HOUSE EFFECT In the green house the Sun's heat is allowed to come in but not allowed to go out.

The traped heat warms the green house.

The trapping of heat in the Earth's atmosphere is similar to the green house and it is called Green House Effect.

Without Green House Effect life would have not been possible on Earth.

GLOBAL WARMING CO2 is a component of air.

Living organisms inhal oxygen and exhal carbon dioxide.

Plants use this carbon dioxde and produce food in the process of photosynthesis.

Carbon dioxide is also a pollutant. Increase in pollution and deforestation has resulted in imbalance of the carbndioxide in the atmosphere.

GLOBAL WARMING Carbon dioxide traps heat and does not allow it to escape it into hte space.

As a result the avarage temperature of the Earth is gradually increasing this is called Golbal Warming.

Other gases like methane, nitrous oxide and water vapour alo contribute towards this effect like carbon dioxide. The are also called Greenhouse gases.

EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING Global Warming can cause sea levels

to rise dramatically.

Global Warming could result in wide ranging effects of rainfall pattern, agriculture, forests plants and animals.

The glacier in Himalayas are melting because of Global Warming. The Arctic and Antarctic ice is also melting because of the Global Warming.

We may be heading for an Ice Age.

EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING

OUR CONTRIBUTION Changing over to cleaner fules like CNG and LPG.

Use of unleaded petrol in automobiles.

Saying no to crackers.

Stop burning of dry leaves and wastes.

Swithching over to alternative fules like solar energy, hydropower and wind energy.

Planting of trees.

PREVENTION OF AIR POLLUTION

WATER POLLUTION

WATER POLLUTION Harmful substances such as:-

Sewage Toxic chemicals Silt

Get mixed with water, it becomes polluted.

Substances that pollute water are called Water Pollutanats.

WATER POLLUTION - CASE STUDY

Ganga supports life in the Northern, Central and Eastern area of India.

Over the years large quantities of garbage, untreated sewage, dead bodies and many other harmful things are directly thrown into the river.

It is now one of the ten most endangered rivers in the world.

WATER POLLUTION - CASE STUDY

At some places it has become dead due to pollution and no aquatic life can survive there.

Ganga Action Plan was launched in 1985 to reduc the pollution in the river.

Increase in population and industrialisation have already damaged the river beyond repairs.

WATER POLLUTION OF GANGA

WATER POLLUTION - KANPUR Kanpur i one of the most populated towns in Uttar Pradesh. People use Ganga for bathing, washing clothes and defficating in the river. They dispose garbage, flowers, idols of Gods and Godesses and non-biodegradable polythene in the river. It has 5,000 industries of fertilisers, detergents, leather and paint. These industries discherge thier waste directly into he river.

WATER POLLUTION

WATER POLLUTION Many industried discherge harmful chemiclas into the rivers, these include:-

Oil refineries Paper factory Textile Sugar Mills Chemical factories

There industries cause chemical contamination of water. The chemicals include arsenic, lead, and fluorides.

WATER POLLUTION Industries don't follow the regulation of terating their wastes before disposing in water. The soil is affected by impure water causing change in acidity and growth of worms. Pesticides and weedisides get washed into waterbodies from the fields and pollute the ground water. Some ponds appear green beacuse of alge growing in them. This is caused by excessive chemicals that act as neutrients for alge.

WATER POLLUTION Once the alge die the become food for decomposers like bacteria.

A lot of oxygen gets used up.

Lack of oxygen kills aquatic animals.

WATER POLLUTION Untreated sewer contains food waste, detergents, micororganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. These micororganisms cause diseases like cholera, typhoid and jaundice. Hot water is also a pollutant is raises the temperature of water body adverly affecting animals and plants living in it.

WATER POLLUTION

POTABLE WATER Water which is suitable for dirnking is called Potable Water. Water can be made Potable by various processes such as boiling, filtiration, chlorination and other treatment.

WATER TREATMENT

PREVENTION OF WATER POLLUTION

Preventing disposal of polluted water into the river. Installation of water treatment plants in all industrial areas. Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.

PREVENTION OF WATER POLLUTION