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ANATOMY OF POPLITEAL FOSSA
The popliteal fossa is a diamond-shaped space behind the knee
POPLITEAL FOSSA
The adductor hiatus is an opening or
gap formed by the fascia of the adductor
magnus.The adductor hiatus transmits the
femoral artery and vein from the adductor
canal in the thigh to the popliteal fossa
posterior to the knee
The roof of the fossa is formed by the fascia lata, which is here strongly reinforced by transverse fibres. It is pierced by the small saphenous vein and the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve.
The floor is provided, from above downwards, by
the popliteal surface of the femur,
the capsule of the knee joint,
reinforced by the oblique popliteal ligament,
and the popliteus muscle
Deeply, the superior boundaries are
formed by the diverging medial and
lateral supracondylar lines of the
femur. The inferior boundary is
formed by the soleal line of the tibia
The popliteal artery and vein and the tibial and common peroneal nerves pass through the fossa.
A small group of popliteal lymph nodes lie alongside the popliteal vein.
The popliteal artery It enters the popliteal fossa on the medial side of the femur;it lies not only deep but medial to the sciatic nerve
The artery lies successively on the
popliteal surface of the femur, separated
from it by a little fat, on the oblique
popliteal ligament and on the fascia over
the popliteus muscle.
It passes under the fibrous arch in
soleus and immediately divides into
anterior and posterior tibial arteries.
Rarely the popliteal artery may divide
proximal to popliteus
LATERAL
Femoral artery
Popliteal artery
Anterior tibial art.
Posterior tibial art.
Peroneal art.
CLINICALLYpopliteal pulsation against the back of the femur, with the fingertips of both hands pressing into the centre of the fossa
BRANCHES OF POPLITEAL ARTERY
sural arteries that supply the two
heads of gastrocnemius
The genicular arteries are five in
number
The middle genicular artery
pierces the oblique popliteal
ligament to supply the cruciate
ligaments
GENICULAR ANASTOMOSIS a network of vessels surrounding the knee that provides collateral circulation capable of maintaining blood supply to the leg during full knee flexion
Genicular branches
descending genicular branch of
the femoral artery,
the descending branch of the
lateral circumflex femoral artery,
the circumflex fibular branch of
the posterior tibial artery
the anterior and posterior
recurrent branches of the anterior
tibial artery
The common peroneal nerve
(common fibular nerve)runs downwards and laterally, medial to the bicepstendon, and disappears into the substance of peroneuslongus to lie on the neck of the fibula,
I. The sural communicating nerue
2 .The lateral cutaneous nerue of the cal
3 .The superior and inferior genicular nerues,
4 .The recurrent genicular nerue
The tibial nerve runs vertically down along the middle of the fossa and disappears by passing deeplybetween the heads of gastrocnemius
The tibial nerve here has only one cutaneous branch,the sural nerve. lt runs vertically down in the narrow
POPLITEUS:This muscle is attached to a triangular areaon the posterior surface of the tibia above the soleal line.
The tendon lies within the capsule of the knee joint, entering it beneath the arcuate popliteal ligament, to which superficial fibres of the muscle are attached
The femur is rotated laterally to unlock the joint at the commencement of flexion by the popliteus