Power Sector Of Pakistan

Members:Muhammad

Saleem 10-ee-38

Mazhar Ali 10-ee-49

Ehthisham ul Haq 10-ee-48

POWER SECTOR OF PAKISTAN –AN OVERVIEW:

Why Power?

Manufacturing companies need it to operate plant and machines.

Service companies need it to operate technology.

Agriculture needs it for tube wells.

Domestic Consumers need it for a Hassle free life.

If all of the above are getting the required power,

economy can proceed with other basic & developmental

activities in the country.

SUPPLY CHAIN OF PAKISTAN:- The power system is catagorized as:-

Generation.

Transmission.

Distribution.

Consumption.

Electricity Generation in Pakistan:

Hydel

Thermal

Nuclear

Renewable

Solar

Wind

Biomass

Types of Generation Fuel:Types %age

Hydel 31.9 %

Residual Fuel Oil(RFO)

34.1%

Gas 26.2%

Coal 0.1%

High Speed Diesel(HSD)

1.6%

Mixed 0.8%

Nuclear 4.9

Major Power Producers :-

The major power producers in the Pakistan are given as.

Sector %age

WAPDA 30.7%

KESC 8.6%

IPPs 45%

GENCO 13.5%

Others 1.7%

Installed Generation (Hydel):

Name of power station

Location Province Type of power station

Installed capacity (MW)

Capability (MW)

Summer Winter

Tarbela Tarbela KPK Reservoir 3478 3702 1874

Mangla Mangla AJK Reservoir 1150 1280 470

Ghazi Barotha

Ghazi Barotha

Punjab Canal 1450 1450 1160

Warsak Warsak KPK Reservoir 243 190 20

Chashma Chashma Punjab Lower Head Channel

184 184 184

Khan Khwar Khan Khwar KPK Canal 72 68 68

Sub Total Major Hydro Units 6577 6930 3817

Major Hydro Units:

Small Hydro Units: Name of power station

Location Province Type of power station

Installed capacity (MW)

Dargai Dargai KPK Canal 20

Rasool Rasool Punjab Canal 22

Chichoki-Mallian

Chichoki-Mallian

Punjab Canal 13

Shadiwal Shadiwal Punjab Canal 13.5

Nandipur Nandipur Punjab Canal 13.8

Kurram Garhi Kurram Garhi KPK Canal 4

Renala Renala Punjab Canal 1.1

Chitral Chitral KPK Canal 1

Sub-Total Small Hydro Units 89

Total Hydro Units 6666

Installed Thermal Capacity:Name of power station

Location Province Type of power station

Installed Capacity(MW)

Fuel Type

Pri. Alt.

Jamshoro Jamshoro Sindh Steam 850 Gas FO

Kotri Kotri Sindh Gas Turb. 174 Gas FO

Guddu Guddu Sindh Steam,Gas turbine

1655 Gas FO

Quetta Quetta Baluchistan Gas Turb. 35 Gas FO

Muzafargarh Muzafrgarh Punjab Steam 1350 Gas FO

Faisalabad Faisalabad Punjab Steam,Gas Turbine

376 Gas FO,HSD

Multan Multan Punjab Steam 195 Gas FO

Lakhra Coal Lakhra Sindh Steam 150 Coal None

Isolated Gen.

Pasni Pasni Balochistan Diesel eng. 17 HSD None

Panjgoor Panjgoor Balochistan Gas turb. 39 Gas HSD

Total with Isolated Gen. 4841

Installed Generation of IPPs:Name of power station

Location Province Type of power station

Installed capacity (MW)

Fuel Type

Pri. Alt.

Kot Addu Kot Addu Punjab Gas Turb. 1639 FO HSD

Saba RFO Sheikpura Punjab Steam 134 RFO None

KOHINOOR Raiwind Punjab Diesel Eng.,steam 131 RFO None

AES LalpirMuzafrgarh Punjab Steam 362 RFO None

AES Pak Gen. Muzafrgarh Punjab Steam 365 RFO None

SEPCOL Raiwind Punjab Diesel Eng. 135.9 Gas None

Rousch RFO Khanewal Punjab Gas Turb. 450 Gas HSD

Alternate EnergyLtd.

Attock Punjab Gas Eng. 31 Gas None

JapanPower Raiwind Punjab Diesel Eng. 135 RFO None

Attock Gen Lmt. Rawalpindi Punjab Steam Turb. 165.3 RFO None

Continue……..

Name of power station

Location Province Type of power station

Installed cap.(MW)

Fuel Type

Pri. Alt.

Altas Power Sheikhpura Punjab Steam 219.2 RFO None

Nishat Power Lahore Punjab Steam 202.1 RFO None

Fauji Kabirwala Khaniwal Punjab Gas 157 Gas HSD

Orient Pow. Baloki Punjab Gas, Steam 229.1 Gas None

Saif Power Sahiwal Punjab Gas, Steam 228.5 Gas HSD

Hub Narowal Narowal Punjab Diesel 219.2 RFO None

Halmore Sheikpura Punjab Gas,Steam 228.6 Gas HSD

Saphire Muridkey Punjab Gas,Steam 228.6 Gas HSD

Nishat Chunian Lahore Punjab Diesel,Steam 202.1 RFO None

Liberty Power Tech.

Faisalabad Punjab Diesel,Steam 202 RFO None

Chasma(PAEC) Chasmas Punjab Nuclear 650 NUC NUC

Continue……Name of power station

Location Province Type of station

Installed capacity

Fuel Type

Pri. Alt.

TNB Liberty power Dharki Sindh Gas 212 Gas HSD

Engro Energy Dharki Sindh Gas 233.4 Gas HSD

Foundation Power Dharki Sindh Gas 229.8 Gas None

HUBCO HUB Balochistan Steam 1292 RFO

Habibullah Quetta Balochistan Gas 140 Gas HSD

Uch Dera Murad Jamali

Balochistan Gas 586 Gas HSD

Hydro(IIPs)

Jagran Jagran AJK Hydro 30 HYD HYD

Malaknd Malakand KPK Hydro 81 HYD HYD

Total Generation (Private) 9142

Hydro+GENCOs+IPP 20443

With Isolated(QESCO) 20499

Preview……Types Installed

Capacity(MW)

%age

Hydro 6666 29%

Thermal 7166 31%

IPPs 8666 37%

Nuclear 787 3%

Transmission lines

There 12436 km transmission line of 500KV,220 KV transmission line in Pakistan.

The three-phase system has three sets of phase conductors. There 5078 km of 500 KV transmission line in Pakistan.

Continue……….

LIST OF 500 KV GRID STATIONS

1 Grid Station Sheikh Muhammadi Peshawar2 Grid Station Rewat3 Grid Station Sheikhupura4 Grid Station Gatti Faisalabad5 Grid Station Nokhar6 Grid Station New Multan7 Grid Station Muzafargarh8 Grid Station Sahiwal (Yousafwala)9 Grid Station Guddu10 Grid Station Dadu11 Grid Station Jamshoro12 Grid Station Nki

500 KV

220,132 KV There are Thirty Two 220 KV Grid Stations.

Total length is 7359 km of 220 KV transmission line in Pakistan.

Continue……….

NTDC Substation (500 kV): Location DISCO Province No. MVA Total MVA

Dadu HESCO Sindh 1 450 450

Guddu HESCO Sindh 3 450 1350

Jamshoro HESCO Sindh 2 450 900

NKI HESCO Sindh 2 600 1200

Gatti FESCO Punjab 4 450 1800

Multan MEPCO Punjab 2 450 900

Muzaffargarh MEPCO Punjab 2 600 1200

Rawat IESCO Punjab 3 450 1350

Sheikhpura LESCO Punjab 4 600 2400

Yousafwala MEPCO Punjab 2 600 1200

Ghakhar GEPCO Punjab 2 600 1200

Sheikh Muhammad PESCO KPK 2 450 900 Total 29 14850

Line Voltage Length (km)

500 kV 5,078

220 kV 7,367

132 kV 23,994

66 kV 9,069

Total Length 45,508

Transmission lines & Grid Stations:

T/M line Length of Provinces(11kV):

Province Length (km)

PUNJAB 174,041

KPK & FATA 39,779

SINDH 48,753

BALOCHISTAN 31,139

Total 293,712

T/M line Length of Provinces(400V):

Province Length(km)

PUNJAB 127,426

KPK & FATA 49,694

SINDH 26,736

BALOCHISTAN 13,629

Total 217,485

Transmission & Distribution Losses:

Units for Transmission 89721

Transmisson Losses

GWh 2508

%age 2.8%

Units for Distribution 87213

Distribution Losses

GWh 15,845

%age 18.17%

Net Losses GWh 18,353

%age 20.46%

Transmission losses :

Year T /M Losses (%) Remarks

2008 7.63% Includes losses of 132 kV Sys

2009 7.26% Includes losses of 132 kV Sys

2010 3.80% 500 & 220 kV only

2011 3.48% 500 & 220 kV only

2012 3.58% 500 & 220 kV only

2013 3.12% 500 & 220 kV only

How losses can be reduced??

Lengthy Distribution lines should be avoided. Adequate Size of Conductors of Distribution lines. Installation of Distribution transformers nearer to

load centers. High Power Factor of Primary and secondary

distribution system: Good Workmanship:

Continue…..

Feeder Phase Current and Load Balancing:Load Factor should be increased to control

low power and energy losses:Transformer Sizing (based on load) and

Selection( core material)Balancing 3 phase loadsSwitching off transformers in period of low

demands

ENERGY CRISIS SOLUTIONS:• The crisis of power generation can be solved through long terms, short term policies.• Pakistan is vital country who have all the benefits of

solving the power crisis through all types of power generation.

• We will discussed all the form of electric power generation in detail, through which Pakistan can get out of current energy deficiency.

Solution Through Hydel Generation:

• Pakistan stored only 13% of the annual flow of its rivers.

• The hydropower potential in Pakistan is over 60,000MW.

• Currently projects Diamer Basha (4,500 MW), Bunji (7,100 MW) Kohala (1,100 MW)

General View:-

Solution Through Thermal Generation:

• Pakistan has the 4th largest coal reserve in the World, Approx. 185.175 billion tones.

Thar(largest)- approx. 75.5 billion tones.• Pakistan generates only 0.79% of its total

electricity from coal.• Coal contributes approximately 40% of the

total global primary energy demand.

Overview of Coal Reserves:

Solutions Through Nuclear Power Generation:

• Pakistan is among the 30 nations in the world, which have reposed confidence in Nuclear Power Plants.

• Chashma Nuclear Power Plant III and IVThe units will both have generation capacity of 340 MW and a design life of

40 years• Chashma Nuclear Power Plant V On March 2013, Pakistan and China agreed to build a 1000 MW

CHASNUPP-5 at Chashma Nuclear Power Complex.

Solutions Through Solar Energy:

• Pakistan receives approximately 8 to 10 sunlight hours per day.

• The installed capacity of solar photovoltaic power is estimated to be 1600 GW per year.

• Approximately 41 times that of current power generation in the country.

Solutions Through Wind Energy:

• Wind energy has also been shown to have strong technical potential in Pakistan, particularly in the southern regions of Sindh and Balochistan

• Pakistan has approximately 1000 km of coastline with steady average wind speeds ranging between 5-7 m/s.

• The projected installed capacity for wind energy projects is estimated at 122.6 GW per year, providing about 212 TW of electricity

Solutions Through Biomass Energy:• The availability of biomass in Pakistan is also widespread. Approximately 50 000 tonnes of solid waste, 225, 000 tonnes of crop residue, Over 1 million tones of animal manure produced 3 daily.• It is estimated that the potential production of biogas from

livestock residue is 8.8 to 17.2 billion cubic meters of gas per year

(equivalent to 55 to 106 TWh of energy).