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Power point tips for
and scientists in general
science students
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Avoid too much info per slide
Use the general rule of
thumb: 1 idea per slide
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4
avoid bullet points
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• Morphological
• Biochemical
• Physiological
• Structural
• Phenological
• Behaviour
Functional traits:
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Functional traits
morphological biochemical
structural phenological
physiological
Dr Sara Barrento
Díaz et al. (2013).
IMTA: the rational
Ecology
Economy
Economic
Resilience
Ecological
Stability
Social
acceptability
Carrying
capacity
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Economy of
space
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Avoid bullet points Unless you have a good reason
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THE 3 Rs
REPLACEMENT
Guiding principles for more ethical use of animals in testing
1882
REDUCTION
REFINEMENT
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2
3
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INVERTEBRATES
Pain and suffering is less clear however,
legislation in several countries (e.g. U.K.,
New Zealand, Norway) protects some
invertebrate species if they are being used
in animal testing
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Tables can be useful But you need good design
13 Dr Sara Barrento
Functional traits
EFFECT TRAITS RESPONSE TRAITS
IMPACT Colonize or
thrive
Spore release numbers
Germination success
Anti herbivore traits
Photosynthetic performance
N content
C content
P content
Growth rate
Nutrient uptake rate
Díaz et al. (2013).
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Avoid too much info in 1 slide
The 1 slide per
minute rule is
NOT a real rule
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Some slides only work if
you use
animations to
show each
image at a time
Polar regions
Alpines regions
Low temperatures High Pressure
Oceans depths Hot springs
Hydrothermal vents
Hot deserts
High temperatures
Severe drought
Deserts
Lack of water
Acid mine waste
The stomach
Soda Lakes
Acidic or alkaline
Polluted areas
Volcano
Toxic elements
Salt Lakes
High salt
Decomposing matter
Estuarine muds
Vertebrate intestine
No Oxygen
UV
Nuclear disaster
Radiation
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Avoid all sort of visual clutter
such as logos, wavy frames and
the likes
Population genetics of eye colour
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Blue eyes first seen in humans around 6000 years ago
Previously, all ancestors had brown eyes and population not polymorphic
Mapped to HERC2 gene which has nothing to do with eye colour
HERC2 is upstream of OCA2, which is responsible for eye colour Promoter for OCA2 in
HERC2
HERC2 OCA2
Promoter for OCA2
Single nucleotide change = those with blue eyes have G, brown eyes have A
gettyimages
Siobhan connally
80% of population in northern Europe
have blue eyes but outside Europe blue
eyes are rare.
Population
genetics of eye
colour
Population genetics of eye colour
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Blue eyes first seen in
humans around 6000
years ago
Previously, all ancestors had
brown eyes and population
not polymorphic
OCA2, is responsible
for eye colour
HERC2 OCA2
Promoter for
OCA2 Single nucleotide change
in the promoter = those
with blue eyes have G,
brown eyes have A
White space is important
Don’t fear using an image
as your background
Variation in populations
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Population = group of interbreeding individuals of the same species who inhabit the same space at the same time
Gene pool = sum of all the genetic information carried by members of the population
Gene pool changes over time with mutation, introduction of new individuals, departure from the population or death
https://www.openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/anatomy-and-physiology/resources
Population = group of interbreeding
individuals of the same species who
inhabit the same space at the same time
Gene pool = sum of all the genetic
information carried by members of the
population
Gene pool changes over time with
mutation, introduction of new individuals,
departure from the population or death
Founder effect
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200 Germans founded Amish community in Pennsylvania in early 1700s
Only allowed to marry within community so inbreeding extremely common
Make up 10% of county population but account for half the special needs cases
Several genetic disorders that are only seen in this community
Why?
Founding population would have carried genetic mutations at normal frequency
Inbreeding/ isolation raises the rate of those mutations in the population as a whole
Related parents more likely to both carry mutations
High rates of disease in offspring
More than 40,000
Amish in North
America can trace
their ancestry back
to a group of 89
founding members
Payne et al., 2011. Paediatric
Child Health
The Amish people
and the founder effect
Getty images Bob Thomas
Only allowed to
marry within
community so
inbreeding
extremely
common
Make up 10%
of county
population but
account for
half the
special needs
cases
Why?
Founder effect
Original population
carry genetic mutations
at normal frequency
loss of genetic variation that occurs
when a new population is established
by a very small number of individuals
from a larger population. three possible
founder
populations
A presentation needs a presenter
You don’t need to show ALL info
Intro data are different
from Results Data
28 Dr Sara Barrento
DATA
Intro Results
Díaz et al. (2013).
make
your data
beautiful
Intro data
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World population milestones
Source: Placeholder example
Billion people alive on Earth
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9
1804 1927 1959 1974 1987 1999 2011 2026 2050
13 Jun 2013 World population
projected to reach
9.6 billion
by 2050
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54 34
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Red Brown
Green Miscellaneous
Science Papers 57 species
Science
Seaweed species
FAO statistics 30 species
25
63
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Chlorophyta Rhodophyta
Phaeophyta
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64
7
7
7
7
7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Seaweed species 14 Green
%
25
63
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ChlorophytaRhodophytaPhaeophyta
Ulva spp.
Codium fragile
Caulerpa spp.
Chaetomorpha ligustica
Sarcothalia crispata
Cladophora coelothrix.
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Scientific questions?
Land based
9 9 8 8
0 20 40 60 80 100
Bioremediation 66 %
Chemical Composition
Food, feed, biofuel
Feed Production
Seaweed Eco-Physiology
Impact
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~ 100 million VERTEBRATES
GB # 3.87 million
procedures in 2014
A "procedure" refers to an
experiment that might last minutes,
several months, or years.
Results
DATA
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Dry Wet Day 6 Day 13 Day 33Day 33 Prototype Box
Am
mo
nia
(m
g/L)
After 1 day transport
Blue mussels| Ammonia in the water mantle cavity Sam
ple
s taken in
Portu
gal Sam
ple
s taken in
Sweden
Post harvest Conditioning Holding
Gra
din
g
A power point takes
Time
Patience
Creativity
Skills
