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PPT Intro to genetics M.6
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EIS Teaching – Learning Strategies / Procedures
Biology Secondary 6, duration 60 min.
Teacher: Mr.Wichai Likitponrak
Look at this Picture!
What is genetics?
The scientific study of heredity
Gregor Mendel
Born in 1822 in Czechoslovakia.
Became a monk at a monastery in 1843.
Taught biology and had interests in statistics.
Also studied at the University of Vienna
Mendel’s Peas
Easy to grow.
Easily identifiable traits
Can work with large numbers of samples
Homozygous = when an organism possesses two
identical alleles. ex.
YY or yy
Heterozygous = when an organism possesses
different alleles. ex.
Yy
Phenotype vs genotype
Genotype
The genetic makeup
Symbolized with
letters
Tt or TT
Phenotype
Physical
appearance of the
organism
Expression of the
trait
Short, tall, yellow,
smooth, etc.
Gene and DNA
Genes are made from a
long molecule called DNA, which is
copied and inherited across generations.
DNA is made of simple units that line up
in a particular order within this long
molecule. The order of these units carries
genetic information, similar to how the
order of letters on a page carries
information.
Chromosome Structure
A chromosome is a structure
of DNA, protein, and RNA found in cells. It
is a single piece of coiled DNA containing
many genes, regulatory elements and
other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes
also contain DNA-bound proteins, which
serve to package the DNA and control its
functions. Chromosomal DNA encodes
most or all of an organism's genetic
information.
Chromosome number
All cells of an
organism contain a
specific number of
chromosomes.
Most cells are
diploid (2n) meaning
they have two
copies of each
chromosome
Karyotype of Human
Gene Maps
First developed by Sturtevant in 1911.
The farther apart two genes are, the more likely they will be separated in meiosis.
Gene and Allele
•The information within a particular gene is
not always exactly the same between one
organism and another, so different copies of a
gene do not always give exactly the same
instructions. Each unique form of a single
gene is called an allele.
• If one allele overrides the instructions from
another, it is called the dominant allele, and
the allele that is overridden is called
the recessive allele.
Review by this VDO!!!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UB6Upeo-HDE
Assignment:
Worksheet
Pages 5-7
1.1, 1.2 and 1.3
Sent me back
in this class !!!