ANFINDA MUTIARA KASIH1588203058

ENGLISH PHONOLOGY

UNIVERSITY OF LANCANG KUNING2015/2016

INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTICS

Phonology >>

<< Phonetic

PHONOLOGYBRANCH OF LINGUISTICS

Nikolai Trubetzkoy"the study of sound pertaining to the system of language“. (en.wikipedia.org)

Linguist Founder of morphophonology

(Greek)Phon=“sound”;Logy=“speech”

IMPORTANT CONCEPTS

PHONEME:unit of sound different from another one

seat /s//i://t/ sit /s//ɪ/t/ALLOPHONE:variations same sound

pear captain stoppʰer kæptən sta:p

KINDS OF PHONEMESPhonology

Segmental

Suprasegmental

vowel ConsonantDiphthongs

Monophthongs

Triphthongs

Stress(Syllable)

Intonation(Tone group)

Rhythm(Foot)

VOWELS & DIPHTHONGS PHONEMES OF ENGLISH

Source : Introduction to Linguisticsby Marcus Karht

CONSONANTS PHONEMES OF ENGLISH

Source : Introduction to Linguisticsby Marcus Karht

DISTRIBUTION OF CONSONANT PHONEMES

Phonetically, DISTRIBUTION refers to the total set of contexts, in which a sound unit can occur according to the word.

water team boat

CONSONANT ALLOPHONES Special phonetic symbols, identify allophonic

differences in the same phoneme.

A small (h) the upper-right side of the consonant symbol, ASPIRATED STOP.

Ex. [tʰ ] as in TEN.

Two parallel hyphens (=) at the lower-right of the consonant symbol, means unreleased stop. Ex. [ p= ] as in ZIP

An (r) with an apostrophe (') in its upper side, represents a voiced intervocalic tap. Ex. [ ŕ ] as in WEDDING.

A slanted line (/) crossing the consonant /l/, means that this is a VELAR LATERAL or DARK- /l/. Ex.:[ ł ] as in ALL.

MINIMAL PAIRS

Sets of monosyllabic words differing in only one sound.

Consonant contrast pet bet

Vowel contrast sit seat

CONSONANT CLUSTERS• CONSONANT CLUSTER two or more consonants

together with no vowels in between, at the beginning or end of a word

• INITIAL CLUSTERS: beginning bread /br/, stop /st/, clean /kl/, etc.

• FINAL CLUSTERS: word final positionClusters of 2, 3, and 4 consonants can occur at the end

adopts /-pts/, tipped /-pt /, lapsed /-pst/ .

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