Sleep:Sleep:

“Sleep is a naturally recurring state characterized by reduced or absent consciousness, relatively suspended sensory activity, and inactivity of nearly all voluntary muscles”

Sleep stages:Sleep stages: Succession of sleep stagesSuccession of sleep stages Rem Rem nremnrem

Hours of sleepHours of sleep

sleep theory:sleep theory:

““The brain possesses two The brain possesses two opponents processes that opponents processes that govern the tendency to fall govern the tendency to fall asleep or remain awake they are asleep or remain awake they are homeostatic sleep drive and the homeostatic sleep drive and the clock-dependent alerting clock-dependent alerting process.”process.”

1)Homeostatic sleep drive:1)Homeostatic sleep drive: “ “A A

physiological process that physiological process that strives to obtain the amount of strives to obtain the amount of sleep required for a stable sleep required for a stable level of day time alertnesslevel of day time alertness””

2)Clock dependent alerting2)Clock dependent alerting process: is the process in the process: is the process in the brain that arouses us at a brain that arouses us at a particular time each day”particular time each day”

Sleep disordersSleep disorders : :

Deprivation : inability to sleep well produces impaired day time functioning or excessive sleepiness

Insomnia:Insomnia: complaints about a symptom,

namely, dissatisfaction, with the amount or quality of ones sleep.People who complain of Insomnia.People who do not complain of Insomnia.

Narcolepsy and apnea Narcolepsy and apnea

Narcolepsy:Narcolepsy: Recurring ,irresistible attacks Recurring ,irresistible attacks

of drowsiness and may fall of drowsiness and may fall asleep any timeasleep any time..

Apnea :Apnea : The individual stops The individual stops Breathing while asleepBreathing while asleep

TWO REASONS OF APNEA;TWO REASONS OF APNEA;

REASON ONE:REASON ONE: BRAIN FAILS TO SEND A BRAIN FAILS TO SEND A

BREATH SIGNALTO DIAPHRAM.BREATH SIGNALTO DIAPHRAM. REASON TWO:REASON TWO: MUSCLES AT THE TOP MUSCLES AT THE TOP

OF THE THROAT BECOMES TOO OF THE THROAT BECOMES TOO RELAXEDRELAXED

DREAMS :DREAMS : DREAMING IS AN ALERTED DREAMING IS AN ALERTED

STATE OF CONCIOUSNESS IN STATE OF CONCIOUSNESS IN WHICH PICTURE STORIES ARE WHICH PICTURE STORIES ARE CONSTRUCTEDBASED ON CONSTRUCTEDBASED ON MEMORIES AND CURRENTMEMORIES AND CURRENT CONCERNS,ORCONCERNS,OR ON FANTACIES AND IMAGES ON FANTACIES AND IMAGES

Does every one dream?Does every one dream?

How long do dream last?How long do dream last?

Do people know when they are Do people know when they are dreaming?dreaming?

Can people control the content Can people control the content of their of their

dreams?dreams?

Freud's theory :Freud's theory :

Freud proposed that dreams Freud proposed that dreams provide a “royal road to a provide a “royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious knowledge of the unconscious activities of mind”activities of mind”