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What is HTML?
HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the main markup language for creating web pages and other information that can be displayed in a web browser.
HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets (like <html>), within the web page content.
What is CSS?
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.
Styles define how to display HTML elements.
Its most common application is to style web pages written in HTML and XHTML.
CSS specifies a priority scheme to determine which style rules apply if more than one rule matches against a particular element. In this so-called cascade, priorities or weights are calculated and assigned to rules, so that the results are predictable.
Types of CSS
<link href="path/to/file.css" rel="stylesheet">
External
Internal
In-line
Types of CSS
<link href="path/to/file.css" rel="stylesheet">
<style type="text/css"> ...... </style>
External
Internal
In-line
Types of CSS
<link href="path/to/file.css" rel="stylesheet">
<style type="text/css"> ...... </style>
<p style=“color:#ffffff;"> ...... </p>
<p style="font-size: 14px; color: red;">
sample text </p>
External
Internal
In-line
YEAR VERSION FEATURES
1991
1994
1996 CSS+Javascript Color,font,Margin,border,padding,Image...etc
1997
1998 CSS2 Absolute,fixed,relative positioning of elements and z-
index, bidirectional text, and new font properties
2000 XHTML
2002 Tableless Web Design
2005 AJAX
2009
Rough Timeline of Web Technologies
HTML
HTML2
HTML5
HTML4
HTML5
HTML5 is a markup language for structuring and presenting content for the World Wide Web and a core technology of the Internet.
It extends, improves and rationalises the markup available for documents,and introduces markup and application programming interfaces (APIs) for complex web applications.
For the same reasons, HTML5 is also a potential candidate for cross-platform mobile applications.
HTML5 CSS3 HTML4 JS
Features of HTML5
Offline/Storage
Multimedia
Graphics
Semantics and Markup
CSS3
Offline/Storage
HTML5, web pages can store data locally within the user's browser.
Earlier, this was done with cookies. However, Web Storage is more secure and faster. The data is not included with every server request, but used ONLY when asked for. It is also possible to store large amounts of data, without affecting the website's performance.
The data is stored in key/value pairs, and a web page can only access data stored by itself.
HTML5 Web Storage defines two types of key-value storage typesLocalstorage Session storage
Localstorage
- Stores data with no expiration date.
- The data will not be deleted when the browser is closed, and will be
available the next day, week, or year.
- 5MB per app per browser. According to the HTML5 spec, this limit can
be increased by the user when needed
localStorage.clickcount=Number(localStorage.clickcount)+1;
Session Storage
- Stores data for one session.
- Session storage is per-page-per-window and is limited to the lifetime of
the window.
- The sessionStorage object is equal to the localStorage object, except
that it stores the data for only one session.
- The data is deleted when the user closes the browser window.
sessionStorage.clickcount=1;
Example
Deleting Data from Storage
You can delete a single key-value pair of data from the storage or you can delete all the data all at once.
Deleting a Specific Key-Value Pair
If you want to delete specific piece of data and you know the key name, you simply supply the key name to the removeItem method like this: localStorage.removeItem(clickcount);
Clearing the Entire Storage
To clear the storage used by your web app, invoke the clear() method, like this: localStorage.clear();
Multimedia
<video id="video" src="movie.webm" autoplay controls> </video>
<audio id="audio" src="sound.mp3" controls> </audio>
Multimedia<video id="video" src="movie.webm" autoplay controls>
</video>
Example
<audio id="audio" src="sound.mp3" controls> </audio>
Example
Graphics
Canvas 2D Canvas 3D SVG
Canvas
The HTML5 <canvas> tag is used to draw graphics, on the fly, via scripting (usually JavaScript).
Draw a rectangle, a gradient rectangle, a multi color rectangle, and some multicolor text.
However, the <canvas> element has no drawing abilities of its own (it is only a container for graphics) - you must use a script to actually draw the graphics.
In order to leverage the HTML5 Canvas, we'll need to place the canvas tag somewhere inside the HTML document, access the canvas tag with JavaScript, create a context, and then utilize the HTML5 Canvas API to draw visualizations.
The getContext() method returns an object that provides methods and properties for drawing on the canvas.
What is SVG?
SVG stands for Scalable Vector Graphics
SVG is used to define vector-based graphics for the Web
SVG defines the graphics in XML format
SVG graphics do NOT lose any quality if they are zoomed or resized
Every element and every attribute in SVG files can be animated
SVG images can be created and edited with any text editor
SVG Example
Semantics and Markup
Semantic = Meaning.
Semantic elements = Elements with meaning.
A semantic element clearly describes its meaning to both the browser and the developer.
Examples of non-semantic elements: <div> and <span> - Tells nothing about its content.
Examples of semantic elements: <form>, <table>, and <img> - Clearly defines its content.
Better semantic tags
HTML5 offers new semantic elements to clearly define different parts of a web page:
<header> <nav> <section> <article> <aside> <figcaption> <figure> <footer>
HTML and API's
HTML5 APIs
Application Cache API DataTransfer API Command API Constraint Validation API History API MediaController API Text Track API APIs for the text field selections
Application Cache API: Example
which means that a web application is cached, and accessible without an internet connection.
Offline browsing - users can use the application when they're offline
Speed - cached resources load faster
Reduced server load - the browser will only download updated/changed resources from the server.
DataTransfer API: Example
Drag and drop is a very common feature. It is when you "grab" an object and drag it to a different location.
Drag and drop is a very common feature. It is when you "grab" an object and drag it to a different location.
In HTML5, drag and drop is part of the standard, and any element can be draggable.
Constraint Validation API: means of implementing client side validation on web forms.
The core of constraint validation is an algorithm browsers run when a form is submitted to determine its validity. To make this determination, the algorithm utilizes new HTML5 attributes
History API:
The History objects provide a representation of the pages in the session history of browsing contexts. back(),forward() and go().
MediaController API:An API to interact with the <audio> and <video> elements.
You can do things like play (controller.play) and pause (controller.pause). More on media elements here.
Text Track API:An API to interact with the <audio> and <video> associated text tracks,
like subtitles or captions.
APIs for the text field selections:The input and textarea text elements define an API for handling their
selection.
You can select everything in a text field with the select function, or use selectionStart and selectionEnd to get the currently selected text.
- CSS is used to control the style and layout of Web pages.
- CSS3 is completely backwards compatible,so you will not have to change existing designs. Browsers will always support CSS2.
CSS3 Modules
CSS3 is split up into "modules". The old specification has been split into smaller pieces, and new ones are also added.
Some of the most important CSS3 modules are:
Selectors Box Model Backgrounds and Borders Text Effects 2D/3D Transformations Animations Multiple Column Layout User Interface
CSS3 Borders
With CSS3, you can create rounded borders, add shadow to boxes, and use an image as a border - without using a design program, like Photoshop.
In this chapter you will learn about the following border properties:
border-radius
box-shadow
border-image
ExampleExample
Box with rounded corners Example
CSS3 Text Effects
CSS3 contains several new text features.
In this chapter you will learn about the following text properties:
text-shadow
word-wrap
Transforms and Transitions
Transforms A transform is an effect that lets an element change shape, size and
position.
You can transform your elements using 2D or 3D transformation.
3D example1 3D Example2
Transitionswe can add an effect when changing from one style to another,
without using Flash animations or JavaScripts.
Example1 Example2
Animation
CSS3, we can create animations, which can replace animated images, Flash animations, and JavaScripts in many web pages.
Example
Multiple Column Layout
With CSS3, you can create multiple columns for laying out text - like in newspapers!
multiple column properties:
column-count
column-gap
column-rule
Example
Thank you
