Presentation - Instructional Design - Resendez

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WHAT IS INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEMS DESIGN?Instructional Systems Design is the process of developing curriculum and resources to aid in the effective and efficient learning of new ideas, procedures, and strategies.

Instructional Design Models

IT’S APPLICATION

Instructional Design can be applied to various learning environments. These environments include K-12, governments, business, and various learning environments.


ROBERT GAGNE & GAGNE’S CONDITIONS OF LEARNING“Robert Gagne (1916–2002) was an educational psychologist who pioneered the science of instruction in the 1940s. His book "The Conditions of Learning," first published in 1965, identified the mental conditions that are necessary for effective learning.”

Gagne’s Model can be used in technical or project oriented learning.

http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/gagne.htm


GAGNE’S CONDITIONS OF LEARNING

Gange’s Condition of Learning is comprised of three elements:

http://joelleegardner.blogspot.com/2009/01/my-review-of-gagnes-conditions-of.html

Levels of Learning

Processes of Learning

Nine Events of Instruction



The first element is the Levels of Learning which focus on the learner.

Verbal Information• Retrieving stored information.

Intellectual Skills• Metal operations that permits individuals to respond to the conceptualizations of the

environment.• The internal conditions to facilitate this type of learning.

Cognitive Strategies• An internal process by which the learners plan, controls, and monitors his/her own ways of

thinking and learning.

Attitude• An internal state that affects an individual choice of action.

Motor Skills• Capability to perform a sequence of physical movements.

http://www.personal.psu.edu/wxh139/gagne.htm



The second element is the Process of Learning. In instructional design, this can be viewed as the level of engagement between physical actions versus mental processing within a learning environment.

http://joelleegardner.blogspot.com/2009/01/my-review-of-gagnes-conditions-of.html


Behavioral

Cognitive Information

Process


The third element is the Nine Events of Learning. These events help to design learning processes and objectives.



1. Gaining Attention

2. Informing Learners of the Objective

3. Stimulating Recall of Prior Learning

4. Presenting the Stimulus

5. Providing Learning Guidance6. Eliciting Performance

7. Providing Feedback

8. Assessing Performance

9. Enhancing Retention and Transfer

GAGNE’S CONDITIONS OF LEARNING APPLIED• Gagne’s model provides a step-by-step design to support

the learner

• The model supports learning as a process complete with tasks.

• The model also took into consideration the internal learning process of the learner and combined it with the external nature of the content.

Examples

• The course materials are designed to prepare the learner (course objectives), provide a learning opportunity (classroom or eLearning), and seek feedback regarding the applicability of the learning (evaluation).


JOHN KELLER & ARCS MODEL OF MOTIVATIONAL DESIGN“Dr. John M. Keller earned his Ph.D. in Instructional Systems Technology in 1974 from Indiana University. Dr. Keller is a well published author in the fields of motivation and instruction, instructional development management, project management, and instructional systems design. Currently, he is a professor of Instructional Systems and Educational Psychology within the Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems at Florida State University. Dr. Keller has served as an editor/reviewer for numerous publications, and as a consultant for a variety of corporations and organizations (Keller, 2006).

The ARCS Model is usually paired with additional models and can be used in leadership and business training.


ocedtheories.wikispaces.com/file/view/ARCSModel_Paper1.doc

ARCS MODEL OF MOTIVATIONAL DESIGN

Attention

• Begin by stimulating the learner

Relevance

• Make learning applicable to the learner’s past, present, and future knowledge

Confidence

• Allow the learners to steer their learning experiences

Satisfaction

• Provide opportunities for learners to apply the knowledge they have gained.


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikiversity/en/4/47/Arcs.gif; http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/learning/id/arcs_model.html

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikiversity/en/4/47/Arcs.gif

http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/learning/id/arcs_model.html



ARCS MODEL OF MOTIVATIONAL DESIGN APPLIED• The ARCS model considered whether the learner will want

to learn, be able to apply what was learned, pace their learning, and build on their learning.

• The ACRS model prepares the developer to answer the question WIIFM.

Example:

• An employee determines whether to enroll in an Excel course at work. The employees factors whether the course will be challenging, offer opportunities for practice at work and at home, and whether their learning will be supported by their current supervisor and in promotion opportunities.


COMPARISON

Both the Gagne and the ARCS Models help with providing the learner the reason and motivational factors for learning new material.

This approach learner to operate in a self-directed manner.


CONTRAST

Gagne’s takes into consideration the strength of the learning materials and it’s relationship to the learner. When development instructional materials, the Nine Events of Instruction would be taken into consideration.

ARCS’ focus is strictly on the learner and does not account greatly for the development of the instructional materials. Since the ARCS model is focused on intrinsic factors, it is usually paired with other models, such as Gagne, that consider extrinsic factors.


SOURCES

• Ellis, A. ARCS Model of Motivation. ocedtheories.wikispaces.com/file/view/ARCSModel_Paper1.doc.

• Culatta, R. (2012). Conditions of Learning (Robert Gagne). http://www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/conditions-learning.html.

• Gagne’s Conditions of Learning. http://www.personal.psu.edu/wxh139/gagne.htm.

• Gardner, J. (2012). My Review of Gagne’s Conditions of Learning and Events of Instruction. http://joelleegardner.blogspot.com/2009/01/my-review-of-gagnes-conditions-of.html.

• John Keller’s ARCS Model of Motivational Design. (2010). Big Dog & Little Dog’s Performance Juxtaposition. http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/learning/id/arcs_model.html.

• Mind Tools. (2012). Gagne’s Nine Levels of Learning. http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/gagne.htm.


http://www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/conditions-learning.html

http://www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/conditions-learning.html

http://www.personal.psu.edu/wxh139/gagne.htm

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