Presentation

On Phathogen of Meningitis

Md. Kamruzzaman Siam

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Points of Presentation Topic:

Definition of meningitis

Causative organisms

Symptoms of Meningitis

Treatment of Meningitis

Prevention

What is meningitis?

The word “meningitis” comes frome the Morden

Latin word meninga and greek word Menix meaning

“membrane”.

The sufffix “itis” comes frome the greek word itis

meaning “pertaining to”.

In medical English, the suffix “itis” means

“inflammation of”.

Definition:

• Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges .

• The meninges is the collective name for the three membranes that envelope the brain and spinal cord, called the pia, arachnoid, and dura mater.

• The meninges’ main function, alongside the cerebrospinal fluid is to protect the central nervous system.

Causative organisms

Neisseria meningitidis

• Nasopharynx

Streptococcus pneumonia

• Nasopharynx,direct extension across skull fracture

Listeria monocytogenes

• GI tract,placenta

Coagulase-negative staphylococcus

• Dermal of foreign body

Staphylococcus aureus

• Bacteremia,dermal,or foreign body

Gram negative rods

• Various

Haemophilus influenza

• Nasopharynx

Signs and Symptoms of Meningitis

Common Symptoms over the age of 2 years old ......High fever,

headache, and stiff neck.

Can develop over several hours or take up to 1 to 2days.

Other symptoms: nausea, vomiting, discomfort looking in bright lights,

confusion, and sleepiness.

Newborns/infants- common symptoms are high

fever, headache, neck stiffness, may appear slow,

inactive, vomiting, irritable, or be feeding poorly.

At any age, seizures may occur as

Diseaseprogresses.

Risk factors of Meningitis

• Age- Viral meningitis occur in children younger than age 5

• Bacterial meningitis most commonly occurs in pre-teens and young adults

• Community Setting: this infection spreads quickly in large groups such as college students living in dormitories, military personnel, and children in childcare facilities are at high risk

• Pregnancy- increased risk of listeriosis, which this bacteria can also cause meningitis.

• Working with animals- dairy farmers, ranchers, or others who work with domestic animals have an increased risk of listeriosis which can cause meningitis

• Weakened immune system-diseases, medications and surgical procedure can increase the risk of meningitis

Treatment

Initiated as soon as possible

Delay of therapy associated with increased mortality

Delay associated with increased complications

If LP delayed due to needing a CT-blood cultures and start empiric therapy

LP as soon as it is safe-longer the time between antibiotics and the LP-decreased return of the CSF culture results

Treatment of Meningitis

Regime A • Doxycycline 100 mg po bid for 6 weeks

• Streptomycin 1g IM daily for 14-21 days

Regime B • Doxycycline 100 mg po bid and rifampin 600 mg po daily for

6 weeks

Osteoarticular disease

• Regime B and streptomycin-treat up to 5 months

Neurobrucellosis

• Three drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier

• Regime B and septra-treat until CSF returns to normal

Endocarditis

• Treat for months-three drugs

• Valve replacement

Accidental animal vaccine exposure

• Full course of antibiotic treatment

How to Prevent Meningitis

Even though the disease is rare, it can result in severe, permanent disabilities and death, so it is important to take every precaution to help protect

against it

Behavioral Do not share water bottles,

utensils, share “bites” of your

food, instruments with

mouthpieces, etc.

Try to stay away from friends who

are displaying flu-like symptoms

Get sufficient rest

Medical Health officials recommend routine

vaccination of adolescents, with a

first dose at 11 or 12 years, with a

booster dose at age 16 years

Getting the booster, which is

sometimes overlooked, is critical to

provide protection through

adolescence into young adulthood

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