Presentation Religious changes

Religious changes. The Reforma3on and the Counter-‐Reforma3on

Essen%al Vocabulary

-‐To challenge-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐Desafiar -‐Contempt-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐Desprecio -‐Towards-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐Hacia -‐Among-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐Entre -‐To sale-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐Vender -‐To Excomunicate-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐Excomulgar -‐To Spread-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐Extenderse -‐Regardless-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐Independientemente -‐To proclaim-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐Proclamar -‐To avoid-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐Evitar -‐To react-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐Reaccionar -‐To train-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐Entrenar -‐To preach-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐Predicar

•  In the sixteenth century, the religious unity of the Catholic Church in Western Europe was challenged by the emergence of the Protestant Reforma3on. This movement came about as a result of the contempt felt towards the pope and the clergy, and the abuses of the Churh. Among other reasons.

1 Luther’s reforma3on

•  The reforma3on began in Germany with the Augus3nian monk Mar3n Luther, when he cri3cised the sale of indulgences ( document that forgave sins), in 95 theses that were published in 1517.

•  The indulgences had been promoted by the Pope Leo X in order to pay for construc3on work in the Va3can.

•  The Pope condemned and excomunicated Luther, who based his doctrine on the idea of that faith alone should be enough to obtain salva3on.


•  Luther also believed in the free interpreta3on of the Bible. Lutheran doctrine spread rapidly in certain german states, and in parts of central and northern Europe.


2 The calvinist and Anglican reforms

•  Calvinism began to be preached by John Calvin in 1536, in Geneva. One of Calvinism’s central beliefs is predes3na3on, which claims that people are des3ned by God to be saved or condemned regardless of their ac3ons. This doctrine was very popular in the Netherlands, Switzerland, Scotland and France

•  In England on the other hand, Anglicanism was established, when King Henry VIII rejected the Pope’s authority, and proclaimed himself head of the Church of England in 1534, when his divorced from Catherine of Aragón was not accepted.

2 The calvinist and Anglican reforms

3 The Catholic reform or the Counter-‐Reforma3on

•  To avoid the spread of the Protestant Reforma3on, the Catholic Church reacted by ins3ga3ng its own reform, known as the Counter-‐Reforma3on.

•  Its main instrument were: 1 The Council of Trent 2 The Society of Jesus

•  The Council of Trent ( 1545-‐1536) This was an organisa3on that defined Catholic doctrine, which was then promoted through the catechism. The Council also established seminaries to train priests.



•  The Society of Jesus is a religious order that was founded by St Igna3us of Loyola in 1540. Its members made a special vow of obedience to the Pope, received me3colous theological training, and were devoted to preaching and educa3on.

ACTIVITIES

1)  Talk about the reasons why the Protestant Reforma3on arose:

2)  Where did the Reforma3on start and who started it?

3)  What instruments did the Catholic Church use during the Counter-‐Reforma3on?

ACTIVITIES

4) Read one of Luther’s theses and try to describe its main points in your own words: Theses: 21: Therefore, those preachers of indulgences, who say that by the Pope’s indulgences a man is free from every punishment are wrong.

ACTIVITIES

5. Associate each religion with one of the sentences below

1 Catolicism a Reject the authority of the pope 2 Lutheranism b Council of Trent 3 Calvinism c Predes3na3on 4 Anglicanism d Jus3fica3on by faith

6) Indicate whether the sentences are true or false. a) Luther cri3cised indulgences and was excomunicated by the pope. b) The documents are indulgences that forgive sins. c) Calvinism arose in England d) Henry VIII declared himself head of the Anglican church. e) Predes3na3on is one of Calvinism’s central beliefs.

ACTIVITIES

Map of Europe aeer the Reforma3on

Education

Presentation Religious changes