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ppt contain information on the principles of plant disease management
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Principles Plant Disease Management
Reshma Ranjan M.Sc.(PBG)
Plant Breeding And Genetics
IntroductionDisease- A diseases is the impairment of the normal
physiological functioning of a plant or plant part, caused
by the continued irritation of a primary factor or factors.
Loss due to disease range from: A few to 30 %
In case of sever infection: 100% crop failure
Striking effect of disease
Elimination of some
promising Variety
Kalyan Sona and Janak Variety in
wheat
How A disease Develop…….
Development of any disease
depends on a close interaction
among three diverse factors:
• The Host
• The pathogen
• The environment
Measures taken to prevent incidence of a disease, reduce the amount of inoculum that initiates the spreads of disease and finally minimises the loss caused by the disease have traditionally being called as control measures.
Plant disease management is the eminent process in crop production.
A disease can be managed by eliminating interaction between ◦ A susceptible host◦ A virulent pathogen◦ In suitable environmental condition
What is Control Measures……
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT DISEASE MANAGEMENT
1) AVOIDANCE2) EXCLUSION3) ERADICATION4) PROTECTION5) RESISTANT VARIETIES6) THERAPY
H. H. Whetzel included four general disease control principles, Exclusion, Eradication, Protection, Resistance
AvoidanceAvoiding disease by altering planting time,
or planting in areas where inoculum is ineffective due to environmental condition or rare or absent.
Avoidance can be carried out by:-
Choice of geographical areas
Selection of field
Selection of seed and planting material
Choice of time of showing
Disease escaping varieties
Modification of cultural practices
Exclusion
Preventing the inoculum from entering or establishing in the field or area where it does not exist.
Seed treatmentInspectionCertificationQuarantine (Federal or State)
Cleaned farm equipmentCleaning farm equipment
Eradication
This principle aims at eliminating a pathogen after it is introduced into an area but before it has become well established or widely spread.
It can be applied to individual plants, seed lots, fields or regions It is generally not effective over large
geographic areas
Eradiation can be done by……
Destroying weeds that are reservoirs of various pathogens or insect vectors of disease,
Biological control of plant pathogenCrop rotationSoil treatmentHeat and chemical treatment
Elimination of potato cull piles
Weed Control
Crop Rotation
Soil Treatment
Burning of infected residues crop
Propane flaming
Protection
Preventing infection by creating a chemical toxic barrier between the plant surface and pathogens.
Chemical treatmentChemical control of insect vectorModification of environment or environment conditionModification of host nutrition
Protection can be done by……
Bananas are covered with plastic sleeves
Raised planting beds Ground sprayers
Resistant Varieties
Preventing infection or reducing effect of infection by managing the host through improvement of resistance in it by genetic manipulation or by chemotherapy.
Selection and hybridisation of disease resistance
Mutation for disease resistance
Susceptible and resistant plant to papaya ringspot virus
Susceptible and resistant plant
Therapy of disease plant
Reducing severity of disease in an infected individual by chemicals.
ChemotherapyTree SurgeryHeat Therapy
Thank You