Presenter: Malik Faisal Summer 2014

Supervisors Dr. Ejaz Hussain Dr. Abdur Rehman Professor Fatima Yameen

Introduction Objectives Literature Methodology Main results and Conclusion Policy Implications Limitations and Challenges/Future Research

IDRC-SDPI – Good Governance (MSDS) Privatization of Education in Afghanistan Education & Higher Education Level- I, Level II provinces (34) State of Education & Privatization of Education Literature Review, Primary Research Good Governance

State of Education:(14,034 schools) 13,556 public, 478 private

State of Higher Education:(69 universities) 26 public, 43 private (82

by now).

Free Public vs. paid Private - filling the gap left by public

Privatization of Education improves the Education and brings

inclusivity (H1) #

Inclusive education & Good governance

Joint ventures with other countries

State of Education in the world: 61 million children of primary school age out of school. South and West

Asia:390 million illiterate adults and 18 million children out of school.

780 million people illiterate; women form two thirds, and 66 percent of the

children out of school are girls.

India 0.7 % higher Education, Pakistan 0.29 GDP, Women 7 fold, men 4

fold increased in tertiary since 1970

State of Education in Afghanistan: Education is the right of all citizens of Afghanistan. The back to school

campaign USD 1.9 billion.

Teachers grown 8 fold (142,500, out of those 40,000 females), three fold

(14,034 schools) 13,556 public, 478 private. Since 2009, 100,000 graduates

from schools,

In 2012, 3,009 male and 510 female faculty members; 4.7% PhD, 36.2 %

masters, and 59.1 % BA/BS in universities.

Year Male (school) Female (School) Male (University) Female (University)

2002 1,700,000 700,000 27,000 4,200

2004 2,700,000 1,300,000 24,500 6,2002006 3,500,000 1,900,000 30,600 8,800

2008 3,900,000 2,300,000 48,200 12,9002010 4,300,000 2,700,000 62,900 14,830

2012 5,359,000 3,284,000 81,785 19,215

State of privatization of Education in the world

James Coleman in 1982 Private Education scientifically.

Private education worth around USD 400 billion worldwide

Concerns that private education turning into businesses. In Kenya, private

universities are only for elite families. The law requires private universities

to have a minimum of fifty acres of land to apply for admission.

60 percent of the private schools are low cost in India and Pakistan, which

is less than USD 7 a month

Good quality, facilities, practical, less crimes,

State of privatization of Education in Afghanistan

Private education formally permitted by the government of in 2006.

There are 82 private universities with 70,000 students.

478 private schools 111,884 students and 6,233 teachers.

In level 3 provinces a few has only one private university, while in level 2

provinces, two private university.

Herat, Mazar, Jalalabad, Badakhshan more private. But mostly in

Capital Kabul, Even recently master program started.

Very costly education, USD 600-1200 per semester.

QUESTIONS METHODS OF RESEARCH

Does privatization enhance the status qua of

Afghanistan education?

Survey questioners , literature review

How privatization improves the overall

education sector?

Survey, interview , literature review

What are the inclusive impacts of privatization

of education?

Survey and interview,

To what extend instrumental pillars of good

governance (transparency, accountability,

participation and Prediction) improves the

process of privatization?

Survey and interview,

Can privatization be extended to join ventures

in partnership with other countries in the

region?

Literature review, case study, document

analysis

Secondary Education: N=100, 92 responses (grade 9-12)

Higher Education= N= 200, 164 (82 %) Grade 13-18)

Validity and reliability (Right question and right person) -

survey plot, research designs, generalization to population.

Rural vs. urban. SPSS

Findings supports the hypothesis. Money does not directly

result in private

First, the literature supports 5% teachers can solve the same

question, higher payments. Complementary and even a

choice.

Corporal punishments, class size, absenteeism, study

inspiration

Provision of facilities- agree and disagree options

In higher education; study per 24 hours discrepancies.

• Water

• Classrooms

• Chairs

• Blackboard

Access to education and the common practices by the government

(Provision of basic necessities, Allocation in public institutions)

Quality Education and the public vs. private sector impasse. Incentive to

private sector to invest in education

Inclusive education and the socioeconomic and cultural barriers :

security threats, cultural obstacles,

Strong Public –private partnership

Salary on time payments for teachers

Public leaving toward private- government incentive

Corruption- Ghost teachers,

Donors dependent education system-

Marginalized, girls and disabled children (Inclusive)

More buildings needed, tent education

Security threats – foreigners visit in rural areas

Local vs. scientific

Public sector avoidance- permission letter

Payments required

Access to female participants

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Ethical considerations

Exaggeration of figures by participants

Output of private education is not in the market yet- further research

in the future