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Organizational Behavior
Organizational Behavior
Project Compiled by:
Ambika MudaliarAnkita ShethKinnari RavalKrupali ChristianPrachi PanditRonak HadialRuta Trivedi
A Challenge
Please give a One Sentence Definition of
PROBLEM SOLVING and DECISION
MAKING
Please give a One Sentence Definition of
PROBLEM SOLVING and DECISION
MAKING
Definitions
Problem Solving.
A systematic approach to defining the problem (question or situation that presents uncertainty, perplexity or difficulty) and creating a vast number of possible solutions without judging these solutions.
Definitions
Decision Making:
The act of narrowing down the possibilities, choosing a course of action, and determining the action’s potential consequences.
“Problem solving is a cognitive processing directed at achieving a goal where no solution method is obvious to the problem solver.”
Definitions
Critical Thinking Defined
“Purposeful mental activity that helps formulate or solve problems, make decisions, or fulfill a desire to understand.”
Decision Making
What was the first occasion when u took a decision by your own?
May be you were just a few months older when u did so…and you will keep doing it till your last breath…
Decision Making
People at all level make decisions. Being in H.R. field, we are expected to take the decisions throughout our working phase. So its highly necessary for us to develop decision making skill.
By making decision the manager translates various plans such as objective, policy and strategy etc. into action.
Decisions are made on a managerial function like planning, organizing, staffing, controlling and other matters related to various functional areas such as production, marketing, finance and personnel etc.
Nature Of Decision Making
Identification:•Recognition•Diagnosis
Development:•Search•Design
Selection:•Judgment•Analysis
Decision making is a human process and as we all know thoughdecision making is a simple but complex process it includes threemajor phases in the decision making process
Nature Of Decision Making
The Identification Phase : During this phase recognition and diagnosis of a
problem is done in a very systematic way.The Development Phase :
During this phase search and design for new solution is done among alternatives.The Selection Phase :
During this phase the choice of decision is made by two ways.
By the judgment of decision maker, on the basis of experience or intuition rather than logical analysis.
By the analysis of the alternatives on a logical systematic basis.
Main Characteristics of Decision Making
Decision making is a human and social process.It is an integral part of planning, every planner has to make a choice of appropriate solutions or alternatives.Decision making aims at choosing a suitable course of action by weighing and weeding out several available alternatives.It requires giving freedom to the person for making use of their experience, skills and judgment.
Main Characteristics of Decision Making
In any organization, when decision is made by the manager it is committed towards organization and specific course of action and utilizing resources.
Decisions are made by managers for solving problems, resolving crisis and conflicts and tackling various situation.
Decision making is a purposive activity because it is directed towards the achievement of goals and objectives.
Decision making requires giving freedom to the managers for making use of their experience, skill and judgement.
Elements inDecisionMaking
Intuition Facts Authority
Ready accessibility
Authenticity
Experience
Factors of Decisions
Processconcept
Time Sequence
Rationality
ActionCommitment
Evaluation
“Problems call forth our courage and our wisdom; indeed, they create our courage and our wisdom. It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and
spiritually.”- M. Scott Peck
• Making judgements
What Skills Do You Use What Skills Do You Use In Problem Solving?In Problem Solving?
• Analytical skills
• Decision making
• Collecting information
• Planning
What processes do you use?
Can you explain them to another person?
Do these processes vary depending upon the problem?
How Do You Solve How Do You Solve Problems?Problems?
Techniques Of Decision Making and Problem Solving- The Scientific way
Define the problem
Look at potential causes for the problem
Identify alternatives for approaches to resolve the problem
Techniques Of Decision Making and Problem Solving- The Scientific way
Select an approach to resolve the problem
Plan the implementation of the best alternative (this is your action plan
Monitor implementation of the plan
Techniques Of Decision Making and Problem Solving- The Scientific way
Verify if the problem has been resolved or not
Other Simple techniques are:
Simplify the problemSolve one part at a timeRedefine the problem
Challenges For Decision Maker
Multiple Criteria
Intangible
Risk & Uncertainty
Long-term Implication
Challenges For Decision Maker
Interdisciplinary
Pooled decision making
Value judgment
Conclusion
The manager manages by making decision & them implemented. The effectiveness of decision making & quality of decision depends upon a manager’s skill, judgment competence & ability.
In the managerial setup of organization the required structural & administrative arrangement are made for delegating the authority to lower level managers as to authorize them for making decisions. Thus, decision making is not only at the core of planning but an integral part of managerial ability.
Any Questions?
Good Luck on Your Final Exam