Professor Dame Carole Jordan: a remarkable career

Professor Dame Carole Jordan, B.Sc., Ph. D., DBE, FRS, FInstP, ...

(with emphasis on the “early years”) based partly on a lunchtime conversation, 28 April 2011 with

Philip Judge, of the High Altitude Observatory

-A remarkable career

Wednesday, July 20, 2011

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Physics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Physics

Harrow County Grammar School for Girls ``Nisi Dominus Frustra’’

Carole had ``read books by Eddington and Hoyle in the school library, and [in spite of this- PGJ] wanted to do astronomy’’


University College LondonCarole was interviewed by CW Allen, Perren Professor of Astronomy at UCL/director of Mill Hill Observatory, and offered a place to study astronomy.


University College London


1959- undergraduate


1959- undergraduate


1959- undergraduate``Sept. 14, 1959: Moon Feels First Cold Touch of Humans’’``Luna 2 becomes the first artifact of humanity to strike the moon.The Soviet Union launched The Sputnik-like probe from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on Sept. 12. It took 33.5 hours to reach its destination. Hitting the moon, as prestigious an accomplishment as it was for the young Soviet space program, was not Luna 2's only objective. Prior to impact, the craft also sent back data confirming, among other things, that the moon had neither a magnetic field nor any radiation belts.’’

It confirmed Luna 1’s discovery of particles emanating from the Sun.


1961- CJ’s first paper


1961- CJ’s first paperSelenological implications drawn from the distortions of craters in the Hipparchus region of the MoonPlanetary and Space Science, Vol. 9, p.3

Gilbert Fielder and Carole JordanUniversity of London Observatory, Mill Hill Park, London, N.W.7 UKReceived 8 November 1961.


http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ShoppingCartURL&_method=add&_udi=B6V6T-46YSK3R-2&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_userid=9821062&_ts=1306262258&md5=4bce1b83827a6a30e8a68f1e26d646e7




1962 University College London: postgraduate









Following her 1st degree in astronomy, Allen suggested 3 projects: 1. A-star statistics 2. oscillator strengths from laboratory measurements 3. Tousey's recent spectra containing many unidentified lines in EUV, 170-280 Angstrom


Tousey’s EUV spectra


Tousey’s EUV spectra


Carole and Tousey’s EUV spectra

Allen remarked that if she could solve the origin of the EUV lines (at the time unidentified) she might make a name for herself.

Carole made Z-expansions using Edlen's method, computed gfs, used a modified semi-empirical formula for the collision strengths, and built emission measures from lines of Si.

With the above data, Carole thought that ''iron should be present in the lists of identifications". She was first to propose that these were 3p-3d transitions in the ions Fe IX to Fe XIV.

She identified some lines in Fe XIV, making use of f-values calculated by Garstang.


Carole, Culham and ZetaIn 1963 CW Allen attended an open day at Culham and saw that the many un-identified lines in the EUV spectrum of the Zeta plasma device resembled those in the solar spectrum. In a later visit to Culham with Allen, Carole pointed out the presence of the Fe XV (284 A) line in Zeta. Her suggestion that Fe XIV might be present was confirmed. Gabriel and Fawcett thought the lines might be Fe II - IV.

She was “100% sure” that the lines were the 3p - 3d transitions in the higher ions.

UCL Thesis 1965: "Analysis of the solar ultraviolet spectrum"Wednesday, July 20, 2011

Lab Spectroscopy at Culham

Line crowding (from different ions and due to fine structure) madeindividual line identifications difficult.

The detailed identifications were based on much laboratory work at Culham by Brian Fawcett and Alan Gabriel and, in the Nature (1965) letter with Carole, included lines of Fe VIII to XII.

Carole spent 6 weeks and odd days at Culham, helping to trace isoelectronic lines in the lab spectra. Problems were apparent in low ions (< stage IV), which Gabriel resolved by realizing that these were due to configuration interaction.


100% sure?


100% sure?

You bet!

SDO 2011:Blue Fe IX 171Green Fe XII 194Red Fe XIV 210


1965-1966 1965 - Wilson (Head of Culham's Spectroscopy Division), offered her a post through a UKAEA grant to UCL. But Garstang had offered a postdoc position at JILA (Boulder), supported by his US Army grant. Her Culham post was held open while in 1966 she spent 9 months in Boulder, as the first female research associate at JILA.


1965-1966 1965 - Wilson (Head of Culham's Spectroscopy Division), offered her a post through a UKAEA grant to UCL. But Garstang had offered a postdoc position at JILA (Boulder), supported by his US Army grant. Her Culham post was held open while in 1966 she spent 9 months in Boulder, as the first female research associate at JILA.Ithaca AAS meeting: Goldberg talk: “coronal Fe/Si = photosphere” (Fe XV, Fe XVI)


1965-1966 1965 - Wilson (Head of Culham's Spectroscopy Division), offered her a post through a UKAEA grant to UCL. But Garstang had offered a postdoc position at JILA (Boulder), supported by his US Army grant. Her Culham post was held open while in 1966 she spent 9 months in Boulder, as the first female research associate at JILA.Ithaca AAS meeting: Goldberg talk: “coronal Fe/Si = photosphere” (Fe XV, Fe XVI) CJ: “Fe/Si ~ 10x photosphere” (new lines Fe X, Fe XI)



Goldberg: “Gee, I hope my parachute opens” CJ: “Fe/Si ~ 10x photosphere” (new lines Fe X, Fe XI)



Goldberg: “Gee, I hope my parachute opens”modern phot. Fe/Si=CJ corona (Fe gf values 1972-4)aside: corona is “well-mixed” Woolley+Allen 1948

CJ: “Fe/Si ~ 10x photosphere” (new lines Fe X, Fe XI)


CJ’s late 1960sAt JILA she extended ionisation-balance calculations (slide rule+computer) in 1966, later published in 1969: - DR from Burgess general formula - reduction in DR at high densities, from his work on low ions

Assist. Lect., Dept. Astron. UCL, seconded to Culham 1966–69.

“Disappointed” by the offer of a postdoc at Culham, not an established post. Wilson later apologized, he was then “still not sure” that she wanted a long-term scientific career.


He-like lines and satellites 1968-73

Pioneer in identification/diagnostic use of He-like and Li-like satellite lines in lab and solar X-ray spectra (with Gabriel).

CJ was first to propose that a strong feature longward of He I-like E1 intersystem line 1s2 1S0 - 1s2p 3P1 is the forbidden M1 transition 1s2 1S0 - 1s2s 3S1

CJ and Gabriel developed the now-widely-used spectral diagnostic techniques for n, T


satellite lines


satellite lines

Edlen’s lab spectra showed only the satellite lines from excitations of Li I-like inner shells, no DR lines


satellite lines

Edlen’s lab spectra showed only the satellite lines from excitations of Li I-like inner shells, no DR lines


He-like lines 1968-73


He-like lines 1968-73


He-like lines- examples

Pandey & Srivastava 2009

Si XIII

O VII: EPIC/MOS, XMM-Newton, ξ Boo A


He-like lines- examples

Solar Flare class X2, P78-1, McKenzie et al 1980Wednesday, July 20, 2011

1982 MNRAS

high-Z satellite lines


1982 MNRAS

high-Z satellite lines


Eclipse 1970: “the right stuff”

International Consortium Culham ARU Harvard College Observatory Imperial College London York University, Toronto

Mission to fly a rocket into the shadow path of the 1970 total eclipse- Gabriel et al. 1971, ApJ, 169, 595








Eclipse 1970:CJ’s IDs








Eclipse 1970:think about it

CJ identified 20/28 coronal lines observed between 1190-2190 Angstroms during the 1970 eclipse, and has continued to help to “fill in the gaps” of our knowledge of the solar spectrum.

This can probably happen no more, the work is done.


1969-20?? HeliumHearn 1969 MNRAS. Emission coefficients for helium EUV lines

CJ: used solar emd and Hearn's calculations to predict helium line intensities- found to be too low. With Hearn made non-eqm wind outflowcalculations- but these did not help.

CJ proposed that any process that subjected He I and He II to electrons with energies higher than expected in ionization equilibrium would enhance the lines, owing to the larger sensitivity of the E/kT term in the collisional excitation rates (Δn ≧ 1 transitions).

CJ’s seminal papers: Jordan, C., 1975, MNRAS 170, 429 Jordan, C., 1980; Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A297, 541


1969-20?? HeliumHearn 1969 MNRAS. Emission coefficients for helium EUV lines

CJ: used solar emd and Hearn's calculations to predict helium line intensities- found to be too low. With Hearn made non-eqm wind outflowcalculations- but these did not help.

CJ proposed that any process that subjected He I and He II to electrons with energies higher than expected in ionization equilibrium would enhance the lines, owing to the larger sensitivity of the E/kT term in the collisional excitation rates (Δn ≧ 1 transitions).

CJ’s seminal papers: Jordan, C., 1975, MNRAS 170, 429 Jordan, C., 1980; Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A297, 541It’s the stuff that does not fit that leads to progress... and these lines power the earth’s thermosphere/ionosphere.


CJ’s 1970-1976Astrophysics Research Unit, Culham Laboratory, director R. Wilson:

Post-doctoral research assistant, 1969–71

Senior Scientific Officer, 1971–73 (Scientific Civil Service)

Principal Scientific Officer, 1973–76

Wilson became UCL Perren Professor in 1972. The ARU, funded by SRC, came under pressure to become more of a 'service', not independent, research group. Plans were afoot to move the ARU from Culham.

She had some teaching experience in WEA (Workers Education Association), and at USAF base Upper Heyford: the American service people were "absolutely delightful".

1976: Jo Peach (Chemistry Fellow at Somerville College, wife of astronomer John Peach) told her about a new Tutorial Fellowship in Physics at Somerville)...Wednesday, July 20, 2011

Solar gamma, X, and EUV radiation; IAU/ COSPAR Symposium, Buenos Aires, Argentina,

June 11-14, 1974.


CJ, Allen, coronal holes








CJ, meetings, debatesStructure of the quiet chromosphere and corona. Gabriel, A. H., in "The energy balance and hydrodynamics of the solar chromosphere and corona", Proc IAU 36, Sep 6-10 1976. Discussion p. 400 - 418.



R. G. Athay".. the question of the inversion of the intensity integral...when radiation losses dominate we expect temperature plateaus"



C. Jordan"Analyses of emission measures, which I have carried out, based onnormal incidence spectra for both the disc and center-limb ratios givereliable models in the temperature range 30,000-100,000 K. Thesemodels have been published and leave little room for temperatureplateaus of significant width".

R. G. Athay".. the question of the inversion of the intensity integral...when radiation losses dominate we expect temperature plateaus"


serious refereeing Carole has contributed to the health of (astro-) physics worldwide as an outstanding, critical and fair referee of programs, proposals, papers, etc.

She (always?) identifies herself to the authors of papers- a role model... though it is not always easy to see it that way.




Carole “the refer-ator” Jordan










1976, a pivotal time: CJ -> Oxford





Never mind the “cold war”, this is

the “cod war”Wednesday, July 20, 2011

1976-todayCJ and Oxford

Wolfson Tutorial Fellow in Natural Science, Somerville College 1976-2008Emeritus Fellow 2008-

Reader in physics, 1994–96 Professor of physics 1996-2008

Head of the Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, 2005–2008

Teaching: tutorials/classes physics (12 hr/week to 1994, then 6 hr/week) Finals examiner lecturer (stat. mech., atomic physics, astroph. plasma spectroscopy,...) undergraduate research supervision graduate (D.Phil) research supervision Graduate lectures and classes...


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Peierls


1976-todayCJ and Oxford

Wolfson Tutorial Fellow in Natural Science, Somerville College 1976-2008Emeritus Fellow 2008-

Reader in physics, 1994–96 Professor of physics 1996-2008

Head of the Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, 2005–2008

Teaching: tutorials/classes physics (12 hr/week to 1994, then 6 hr/week) Finals examiner lecturer (stat. mech., atomic physics, astroph. plasma spectroscopy,...) undergraduate research supervision graduate (D.Phil) research supervision Graduate lectures and classes...

moral tutorWednesday, July 20, 2011



Post-graduate students, postdocs

D.Phil. students (year awarded)

John Adam 1974 (UCL)Rashpal Gill 1982 Blanca Mendoza 1984 Philip Judge 1985 Graham Harper 1988Mark Munday 1990 Stefan Weber 1993Andy Rowe 1996Debbie Philippides 1996 Neil Griffiths 1996Andrew McMurry 1997Tetsuo Amaya 1999 Graeme Smith 2000Stuart Sim 2002Rachel Koncewicz


Post-graduate students, postdocs

D.Phil. students (year awarded)

John Adam 1974 (UCL)Rashpal Gill 1982 Blanca Mendoza 1984 Philip Judge 1985 Graham Harper 1988Mark Munday 1990 Stefan Weber 1993Andy Rowe 1996Debbie Philippides 1996 Neil Griffiths 1996Andrew McMurry 1997Tetsuo Amaya 1999 Graeme Smith 2000Stuart Sim 2002Rachel Koncewicz

PDRAs

Alex Brown 1978 - 1981Rashpal Gill 1982 Nick Veck 1980 - 1983Paul Kuin 1982 - 1984 Philip Judge 1985 -1988 Benjamin Montesinos 1987 - 1989 Graham Harper 1988 - 1990J.L. Fernandez 1990 - 1991 Fukuo Nagai 1984-1985 SERC visiting fellowVincent Macaulay 1992 - 1993 Stefan Weber 1993Hong-Chou Pan 1993 - 1995 Keith McPherson 1996 - 1998Eric Houdebine 2001 - 2003 Jan-Uwe Ness 2004 - 2006 Hilary Kay 2006 - 2007


1976-todayselected activities


spectroscopyNEW IDENTIFICATIONS:

! 1977 Jordan et al Lines of H2 in extreme-ultraviolet solar spectra 1978 Bartoe et al CO UV emission 1980 Brown and Jordan S I emission in EUV spectra of late-type stars 1983 Penston et al IUE and other new observations of the slow nova RR Tel 1984 Johansson & Jordan Selective excitation of Fe II in the laboratory and late-type stellar atmospheres 1986 Jordan et al Identification of [Fe III] in the solar ultraviolet spectrum 1987 Fawcett et al. New spectral line identifications in high-temperature flares (7.7-10 Angstrom) 2011 Jordan The emission line near 1319 Angstrom in solar and stellar spectra










“..identified the emission lines concerned as forbidden (electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole) transitions in Fe III, the first detection of these particular transitions in any source”


1975-20?? Helium

CJ’s seminal papers: Jordan, C., 1975, The intensities of helium lines in the solar EUV spectrum MNRAS 170, 429 Jordan, C., 1980; Helium Line Emission: Its Relation to Atmospheric Structure Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A297, 541

1997,1999 MacPherson & Jordan ...anomalous intensities of helium lines...1999 MacPherson, Jordan & Smith Dynamical Behaviour Of Helium Lines In The Quiet Solar Transition Region2001 Jordan et al. The anomalous intensities of helium lines in a coronal hole2002 Smith & Jordan !Enhancement of the helium resonance lines in the solar atmosphere by suprathermal electron excitation - I. Non-thermal transport of helium ions2003 Houdebine et al. New constraints on the formation of the helium lines2005 Jordan, Smith & Houdebine !Photon scattering in the solar ultraviolet lines of HeI and HeII


1975-20?? Helium




1975-20?? Helium




Atmospheric structure, energy balance

1971 Jordan and Wilson The Determination of Chromospheric-Coronal Structure from Solar XUV Observations1971 Burton et al. The Structure of the Chromosphere-Corona Transition Region from Limb and Disk Intensities1973 Burton et al. Further Observations of the Structure of the Chromosphere-corona Transition Region from Limb and Disk Intensities1975 Jordan IAU The structure of solar active regions from EUV and soft X-ray observations 1975 Evans, Jordan Wilson Observations of chromospheric and coronal emission lines in F stars (Copernicus) 1975 Gabriel & Jordan Analysis of EUV observations of regions of the quiet and active corona at the time of the 1970 March 7 eclipse1976 Jordan !The structure and energy balance of solar active regions RSPTA 1980 Jordan A+A The energy balance of the solar transition region1981 Brown & Jordan The chromosphere and corona of Procyon /alpha CMi, F5 IV-V1981 Jordan SSRV The active sun1981 Jordan and Brown "Energy balance in solar and stellar coronae" (Bonas)1984 Brown, Ferraz, Jordan The chromosphere and corona of T Tauri Brown, Ferraz, Jordan1984 Brown et al High-resolution, far-ultraviolet study of Beta Draconis (G2 Ib-II) - Transition region structure and energy balance1984 Jordan, Mendoza, Gill Observational constraints on heating processes1985 Jordan Derivation of atmospheric structure from emission line fluxes1986 Jordan et al The outer atmosphere of Procyon (Alpha CMi F5IV-V) - Evidence of supergranulation or active regions1986 Jordan Wave-driven winds from cool stars - Progress and problems1987 Jordan et al The chromospheres and coronae of five G-K main-sequence stars1988 Jordan & Kuin The outer atmospheres and winds of T Tau and RU LUPI1992 Jordan Modelling of solar coronal loops, Mem. S. Astr. It. 63, 605-6201996 Jordan The Chromosphere-Corona Transition Region in Late-Type Stars2005 Sim & Jordan Modelling the chromosphere and transition region of ɛ Eri (K2 V)2008 Ness & Jordan The corona and upper transition region of ɛEridani Wednesday, July 20, 2011

Atmospheric structure, energy balance: quintessence

1992 Jordan Modelling of solar coronal loops, Mem. S. Astr. It. 63, 605-620

"This review concentrates on what is known about the observable parameters, and how these are related to the theoretical energy balance equation"

-clarifies the physics behind “scaling laws”Wednesday, July 20, 2011

etc


etcflares

1981 Culhane et al. X-ray spectra of solar flares obtained with a high-resolution bent crystal spectrometer Ca XVIII XIX, Fe XXV, XXIV, XXVI 1982 Jordan & Veck Comparison of observed CA XIX and CA XVIII relative line intensities with current theory 1984 Veck et al 1984 The development and cooling of a solar limb-flare 1984 Antonucci et al Derivation of ionization balance for calcium XVIII/XIX using XRP solar X-ray data 1985 Nagai & Jordan Gas dynamics in the impulsive phase of solar flares. 1986 Smale et al X-ray and optical observations of a dMe flare star in the T Tauri field 1995 Pan & Jordan 1995 ROSAT observations of the flare star CC ERI 1997 Pan et al An exceptional X-ray flare on the dMe star EQ1839.6+8002

stellar chromospheres and winds

rotation and magnetism

red giants, hybrid giants

T Tauri stars

Novae

AGNs...


Awards and distinctions

1990 Fellow of the Royal Society of London

1990 Fellow of University College London

1991 Honorary Doctor of the University of Surrey

1993 Member, Academia Europeae

2008 Honorary DSc Queens University Belfast

2011 Honorary Fellow of the Inst. of Physics.


further awards and distinctions

In 2000 Asteroid 8078 was named Carolejordan -


further awards and distinctions

In 2000 Asteroid 8078 was named Carolejordan -

CJ is in the JPL "small body database"Wednesday, July 20, 2011

further, further awards and distinctions

2005 RAS Gold Medal (G) for "For contributions to solar physics and their applications to stellar physics"


further, further awards and distinctions

2005 RAS Gold Medal (G) for "For contributions to solar physics and their applications to stellar physics"

(PGJ aside:

This medal was produced under duress from a filing cabinet).


further, further, further awards and distinctions



Some Dames Commander of the British Empire (DBEs)

1917 The Baroness Byron 1942 Katharine Jones, Matron-in-Chief, Queen Alexandra's Nursing Service1956 Margot Fonteyn1971 Agatha Christie1987 Iris Murdoch





2006 Carole Jordan for ''Contributions to Physics and Astronomy''





2006 Carole Jordan for ''Contributions to Physics and Astronomy'' , Matron-in-Chief, Queen Elizabeth II's

Spectroscopic ServiceWednesday, July 20, 2011

``Nisi Dominus Frustra’’


``Nisi Dominus Frustra’’

if not the master, all is in vain


Some of CJ’s traits I try to emulate

creativityintegrityrigourboldness

...and especially with (at least one of) her students...generosityhumour patience


Some of CJ’s traits I try to emulate

creativityintegrityrigourboldness

...and especially with (at least one of) her students...generosityhumour patience

For this and many other reasons,thank you, Carole.


sidenote: CW Allen and Carole’s Academic Heritage

Woolley & Allen 1948: - dominance of two-body collisions in the corona - “well-mixed” corona near 1MKWoolley & Allen 1950: - first chromosphere-corona energy balance model including conduction - ambitious, but with realism.








Harrow County Grammar School for Girls


Harrow County Grammar School for Girls
