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2/21/17
1
JayDee GunnellAssociate Professor
Utah State University Extension
Pruning LandscapeTrees and Shrubs
What to use…
Hand pruners• ½ -‐ 1” branches
Loppers• 1 -‐1 ½” branches
Pruning saws• 2” (and up) branches
Types of pruners…
Bypass type• cuts much like scissors• cuts are smoother• easier for plants to seal the wound
Anvil type• blade presses against a flattened area• tissue is crushed more than cut• difficult to make clean cuts
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When to prune… Generally speaking
During the dormant season• easily see the structure
Any month that doesn’t end in “r”(September, October, November, December)
Shrubs that bloom early spring• after they bloom
Roses• in April once buds have swollen
Pruning does NOT stop growth!
Pruning …• Encourages new growth• Redirects energy into remaining branches / buds• Increases flowering / fruiting• Can be like a bad haircut… it will grow back•Worse thing to do is nothing
Why prune…
No -‐ Keep plants smaller?
Yes – Start with the easy cuts…• dead• diseased• rubbing or competing•weak angles (less than 45 degrees)• suckers •water sprouts
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Two Basic Pruning Cuts…
Heading cuts• Shortening a branch or shoot• Encourages lateral growth• Cut above bud in the right direction• Example: shearing, topping
Thinning cuts• Removing entire branch or shoot to a lateral• Re-‐directs growth• Opens up the canopy for more light
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Lateral bud
Terminal bud
Heading vs Thinning Cuts
Extreme Heading Cuts
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Extreme Thinning Cut
Natural Targets to Look For…
Branch Collar
Branch Bark Ridge
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Pruning Callus Wood (Doughnuts)
Cutting Large Branches… Easy as 1,2,3
1. Make an under cut (insurance against tearing)
2. Rough cut to remove majority of the weight
3. Final cut just on the outside of the branch bark ridge and collar
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Pruning Large Shrubs – Renewal Cuts
•Mostly flower on 1 year old wood• Remove oldest canes• Encourages new growth• Encourages flowering• Reduces height without shearing
• Examples:• Lilacs, forsythia, viburnum, dogwood, mock orange
Pruning Smaller Shrubs• Flowers on current growth• Shear to shape• Encourages new growth• Encourages flowering
• Examples:• Spirea, potentilla, bluemist shrub, butterfly bush, barberry, Russian sage
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Pruning Evergreens
Plant the right one to begin with!
• Not tolerant of heavy pruning:• spruce, pine, fir, cedar
• Tolerant of shearing:• Juniper, arborvitae, boxwood and euonymus
Pruning Roses – Hybrid T & Floribunda
•mid April after bud swell• Produce flowers on new growth• Open vase• leave 3-‐5 canes • cut to outfacing buds• 12-‐24 inches tall
• Seal cuts against insects
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Deadheading Roses…
• Removing spent blossoms• Cut to first 5 leaflet• Most will re-bloom lightly in the fall
Pruning Roses – Climbers
• Produce flowers on 1 year old canes• Prune to fit trellis• Most will re-‐bloom• leave 4-‐6 buds per lateral
• Only leave canes for 3 years• Remove all older canes
Pruning Wisteria
• Flower clusters formed on 1 year old canes
• Summer pruning• Shorten vines 4-6 buds• About ½ the new growth
• Dormant pruning• Shorten vines to 2-3 buds• Flowers born on short spurs
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The Take Home Message…
•Pruning does NOT stop growth•Pruning directs growth• Start with the easy cuts•Doing nothing is the worse option