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Petar KocovicOctober 8, 2015
Pupinin 10 Pictures
Picture #10Personal Data
Michael Pupin• Serbian: Mihajlo Pupin• Born: October 9th, 1854,
Idvor, Austrian Empire• Dead: March 12, 1935,
New York, USA• Number of patents: 35
(USA), 49 (outside USA)
Mihajlo Pupin (1854, Idvor-1935, USA)
Mihajlo had 5 sisters and 4 brothers. He was 9th.
1854 – 46 yr
ParentsAlimpijada Milovanov Aleksic – Pupin (1814-1885) – Michael’s Mother
Married November 8 (20) 1832 in Opovo
Konstantin (1814-1873)
Died on March 12, 1935
1935 – 35 yrPupin Died at Age 81
Newspapers about Pupin’s Death
Picture #9Trip to USA
Westphalia ship
• 1874, March 26 – Michael Pupin entered to Castle Garden (Long Island-New York) in Westphalia ship. Trip started in Hamburg (Germany).
• He was passenger of 3rd class.
• Pupin attended high school in Prague
1900 – 26 yr
Pupin was obsessed by picture – American
Inventors
1878 - Columbia University – Pupin started his studies
1900 – 22 yr
Picture #8Year 1883
1883 – American Citizenship• Day before he finished studies
at Columbia College, Pupin received American Citizenship
• Diploma from Columbia College
• He received Tyndall fellowship
1900 – 17 yr
1883-1885 at Cambridge University – Trinity College
1900 – 15 yr1900 – 17 yr
1885-1889 at University of Berlin
Disertation:Der Osmotische Druck und Seine
Bezichung zur Freien Energie, June 1889 1900 – 15-11 yr
Picture #7Heaviside
Lagrange Equations
Joseph Louis Lagrange (Jan 25, 1736, Turin, Italy –April 10, 1813, Paris, France)
• Pupin studied Lagrange Equations. Later he used this theory to calculate wave speed, what was foundation for long distance telephony.
• Lagrange’s paper: “Research sur la nature et la propagation de Sou” - basis for Pupin’s invention of loaded line in telephone signal transmission
1885-1887 - Oliver Heaviside (1850-1925)—An inventor who
failed to file crucial patents
• Patent GB 1407 – 1880, Coaxial-Cable• 1892 – attend Tesla presentation held
in British Electrical Engineers Institute: “Experiments with high voltage, high frequency alternate
currents” • In 1885 and 1887 in British magazine
Electrician stated: “Without sufficient inductance (word first used in English Language), permitting energy to be stored in the magnetic field of the
line, efficient transmission would not be possible and much of the energy of the signal would be transformed into
the heat” 1900 – 15-13 yr
Heaviside coined the following terms of art in electromagnetic theory:
Electromagnetic terms• admittance (December 1887);• conductance (September 1885);• electret for the electric analogue of a
permanent magnet, or, in other words, any substance that exhibits a quasi-permanent electric polarization (e.g. ferroelectric);
• impedance (July 1886);• inductance (February 1886);• permeability (September 1885);• permittance (later susceptance; June
1887);• reluctance (May 1888).
Picture #6Last Visit of Idvor
1885 – Last visit of Idvor
• Went to Pancevo to ask ms Jelisaveta (Duta) Hadija to marry him.
• She resigned• Ms Jelisaveta was of Tsintsar
origin
1900 – 15 yr
Ceremony was in Greek Orthodox Church in London
1900 – 12 yr
… sister of his classmate A. V. Williams Jackson (1862-1937)
1888 - MARRIED WITH SARAH KATHERINE JACKSON (APRIL 7, 1859-APRIL 25, 1896)
Picture #5Sarah, Barbara and
Paja Jovanovic
1896 Pupin contracted
Hemorrhagic Pneumonia
1900 – 4 yr
•During curing of Mihajlo– his wife died•He stopped research in
the field of X-rays
Sarah Katherine Jackson Pupin died on April 25, 1896
1900 – 4 yr
Varvara Pupin (1889 (?) Yonkers-1962 August (2?) New York)
Paja Jovanovic – Varvara Pupin, 1903 Patent 1936
Original Version
Military Version
Professor Michael Pupin cca 1900
Picture #4X - rays
Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen (27.3.1845-10.2.1925)
November 8th 1895 – made first photos of X-rays
1900 – 5 yr
Tesla X-ray in Electrical Review 1896
Pupin’s X - raysJanuary 2, 1896 – replicate X rays
as secondary products of fluo tubes light
1900 – 4 yr
Pupin’s patent of X-ray tray
X-ray tube - today model
Picture #3Pupin’s most
famous Patent
Broadway around 1890 and before 1874
1900 – Contract with AT&T, June 19
2012 – 9,919,000$1900 – 445,000$
1900 – 0 yr
Highest price ever paid for the formula!AT&T bought patent rights for patents (1900)632,230632,231
Pupin’s Loading Coil – Schematic Diagram
Heaviside Line model – Schematic Diag.
Loading coil
Original Pupin’s Loading Coil in Smithsonian
Museum
Producing Coils-Hose
Pupin’s Coil• Pupin's 1894 patent "loads" the line
with capacitors rather than inductors, a scheme that has been criticised as being theoretically flawed and never put into practice.
• One variant of the capacitor scheme proposed by Pupin does indeed have coils.
• These are not intended to compensate the line in any way. They are there merely to restore DC continuity to the line so that it may be tested with regular equipment.
• Pupin states that the inductance is to be so large that it will block all AC signals above 50 Hz. (Start fight with Tesla)
• Consequently, only the capacitor is adding any significant impedance to the line and "the coils will not exercise any material influence on the results before noted
Heviside-Pupin Legal BattleCampbell was the first to actually construct a telephone circuit using loading coils.
Heaviside never patented his idea; no commercial advantage of any of his work. Heaviside was the first to publish and many would dispute Pupin's priority.
AT&T fought a legal battle with Pupin over his claim. Pupin was first to patent but Campbell had already conducted practical demonstrations before Pupin had even filed his patent (December 1899). Campbell's delay in filing was due to the slow internal machinations of AT&T. AT&T foolishly deleted from Campbell's proposed patent application all the tables and graphs detailing the exact value of inductance that would be required before the patent was submitted.
Since Pupin's patent contained a (less accurate) formula, AT&T was open to claims of incomplete disclosure.By January 1901 Pupin had been paid $200,000 /$4.36milUSD2012 and by 1917, when the AT&T monopoly ended and payments ceased, he had received a total of $455,000 /9.9milUSD2012
Benefit to AT&T
It has been estimated that AT&T saved $100 million in the first quarter of the 20th century.
$100mil/1,816milUSD2012
Implementation of Pupin Coil
• 1902 – 17km – New York – Newark• 1906 – 127km – New York – New Heaven• 1906 – 140km – New York – Philadelphia• 724km – Boston – New York- Washington
(before telephone amplifiers) – Coil on every 1,850m
1902-1906 + 2-6 yr
Pupin in Europe
1902 + 2 yr
• 1902 – 32km – Berlin-Postdam
Pupin in Europe• 1904, February 4 – Pupin improved patent with the help
of Siemens-Halske company• Siemens immediately bought patent• Pupin got 1/3 of the Siemens profit
1904 + 4 yr
Twisted-pair cables• Beginning of twisted-pairing cables– 1.5mm – w/o Pupin coils – 40 km, w Pupin coils
220km– 2mm – w/o Pupin coils – 60km, w Pupin coils 320km1906 – underwater paper-taped insulating cables –
12km – 7 pairs. Depth – 250m, 22 Pupin Coils – Lake Constance
1906 + 6 yr
First underground cable Berlin-Cologne (600km)
Picture #2NACA
1915, March 3- NACA founders (today NASA)
1915 + 15 yr
1917 – Pupin Patents expiredHe realised more than $1
million
1917 + 17 yr$1mil/18.6MilUSd2012
Picture #1Few other Pupin’s Famous Patents
Pupinin 10 Pictures
Petar KocovicOctober 8, 2015