CHALLLENGE 4

QIMPRO

ANJALI TANEJA

NAMITA SHARMA

PARETO DIAGRAM

A pothole is a type of fai lure in an asphaltpavement caused by the presence of water inthe underlying soil structure and the presenceof traffic passing over the affected area.Introduction of water to the underlying soilstructure first weakens the supporting soil .Traffic then fatigues and breaks the poorlysupported asphalt surface in the affected area.Continued traffic action ejects both asphalt andthe underlying soil material to create a hole inthe pavement.

POTHOLE

Come monsoon and the Indian city people struggleto commute. As it rains, in potholed India, i t 's al labout bumpy rides, accidents and traff ic jams.

In the cit ies of Mumbai , Delhi and Bangalore, whereauthorit ies claim to be spending lakhs and crores onmaintenance of roads, commuters are leading amiserable l i fe struggling to sai l through potholedroads every day.

POTHOLES IN INDIA

PHOTOGRAPHIC DISCRIPTION

There are many reasons leading to the

potholes in India.

Some of them are listed here:

REASON FOR POTHOLES

1. Insufficient pavement thickness to support traffic during freeze/thaw periods without

localized failures.

2. Insufficient drainage.

3. Failures at utility trenches and castings (manhole and drain casings).

4. Miscellaneous pavement defects and cracks left unmaintained and unsealed so as

to admit moisture and compromise the structural integrity of the pavement.

5 .Presence of water in the underlying soil structure.

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR POTHOLES

WATER

FREEZW/THAW

CAVITIES/VOIDS

HEAVY LOADING

WORN-OUT ASPHALT

WORN-OUT ROAD BASE

CONNECTING CRACKS

STUD TIRES

EDGE RAVELING

SHOULDERS

POOR REAPAIRS

QUALITY OF DESIGN

WORKMANSHIP

DIRECT IMPACT/DAMAGE

CONCRETE GRAVEL ROADS

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

%Effect on causing potholes

%Effect on causingpotholes

HOW TO TACKLE THE PROBLEM ?

1 . P re v e n t i o n i s b e t t e r t h a n c u re - i n t e r v e n i n g a t t h e r i g h t t i m e

w i l l re d u c e t h e a m o u n t o f p o t h o l e s f o r m i n g a n d p re v e n t b i g g e r

p ro b l e m s l a t e r.

2 . R i g h t f i r s t t i m e - d o i t o n c e a n d g e t i t r i g h t , r a t h e r t h a n f a c e

c o n t i n u o u s b i l l s .

3 . C l a r i t y f o r t h e p u b l i c - l o c a l h i g h w a y a u t h o r i t i e s n e e d t o

c o m m u n i c a t e t o t h e p u b l i c w h a t i s b e i n g d o n e a n d h o w i t i s b e i n g

d o n e .

The part of the coalition government’s £6 million Highways Maintenance Efficiency Programme - looks at how best to fix potholes once they have

formed but also how to prevent them from appearing in the first place. The recommendations for central government, local highway authorities and

the highways sector fall into 3 main themes:

1 . S u r v e y i n g o f p a v e m e n t s f o r r i s k f a c t o r s .

2 . P r o v i d i n g a d e q u a t e d r a i n a g e s t r u c t u r e s .

3 . P r e v e n t a t i v e m a i n t e n a n c e .

4 . U t i l i t y c u t m a n a g e m e n t .

PREVENTION

SURVEYING OF PAVEMENTS :At-risk pavement are more often local roads with lower structural standards and more complicating factors, like underground utilities, than major arteries. Pavement condition monitoring can lead to timely preventative action. Surveys address pavement distresses, which both diminishes the strength of the asphalt layer and admits water into the pavement, and effective drainage of water from within and around the pavement structure.

DRAINAGE : Drainage structures, including ditching and storm sewers are essential for removing water from pavements. Avoiding other risk factors with good construction includes well-draining base and sub-base soils that avoid frost action and promote drying of the soil structure. Adequate crowns promote drainage to the sides.

PREVENTATIVE :Preventative maintenance adds maintaining pavement structural integrity with thickness and continuity to the mix of preventing water penetration and promoting water migration away from the roadway.

UTILITY CUT MANAGEMENT :Eaton, et al., advocate a permitting process for utility cuts with specifications that avoid loss of structural continuity of pavements and flaws or failures that allow water penetration.