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1. CICI MELFITRI
2. JUNAIDI ISMAEL
3. ONA ASMAIDA
4. RICKY RISMAN
5. ZULHIDAWENI
READINGKEL VII
UNDERSTANDING THE WRITER’S
MESSAGE
AND
UNDERSTANDING THE AUTHOR’S
PURPOSE
1. UNDERSTANDING THE WRITER’S
MESSAGE
1. CONNOTATIVE MEANINGAnd
DENOTATIVE MEANING
two levels of meaning are called denotative and conotative
1.Denotative : refers to the literal meaning of a word, the "dictionary definition."¨
2. Connotative :refers to the associations that are connected to a certain word or the emotional suggestions related to that word.
EXAMPLE
Example denotative:
My sister drink milk everyday
Denotative meaning is :
“drink”
Example connotative :
The scapegoat in this case is andi
Connotative meaning is
: “scapegoat”
2. IMPLIED MEANINGS
An inference is an aducated guess or prediction about something unknown based on available facts and information. It is logical connection that you draw between what you observe or know and what you do not know.
Example implied meanings
A woman seated alone in a bar nervously glances at everyone who enters . Every few minutes she checks her watch.
3. HOW TO MAKE
INFERENCES
1. Be sure you understand the literal meaning
2. Notice details
3. Add up the facts 4. Watch for
clues
5. Be sure your inference is supportable
4. Figurative Language
“The cake tasted like a moist sponge “
You know that a cake cannot really have the same taste as sponge.
Example 1 :
Figurative language is a way of describing something that makes sense on an imaginative level but not on a factual or literal level. Notice that while none of the above expressions is literally true , each is meaningful.
Example 2 :
Sam eats like a horse
The diagram below shows the comparison being made in this
figurative expression
Sam eats large amounts of food
A horse eats large amounts of food
Sam eats like a horse
2. UNDERSTANDING THE AUTHOR’S
PURPOSE
1. Style and itended audience
Have you noticed that writers have unique characteristics as well ; one author may use many examples , another may use few. One author may use relatively short sentences, an other may use long complicated ones. The characteristics that make a writer unique are known as style. By changing their style , writers can create different effects.
2. TONE
The tone is a speaker’s voice help you interpret what he or she is saying
Just as speaker’s tone of voice tells how the speaker feels, so does a writer convey a tone , or feeling through his or her writing
EXAMPLE
1. INSTRUCTIVE: when you purchasing a piece of
clothing one must be concerned with quality as well as with price. Be certain to check for the following : double- stitched seams , matched patterns, and ample linings.
22. SYMPATHETIC
:: the forlorn , frightened-looking child wandered throuhg the streets alone , searching for someonewho would show an interest in helping her find her parents.
3. PERSUASIVE: child abuse is a tragic
occurence in our society . Strong legislation is needed to control the abuse or innocent victims and to punish those who are insensitive to the rights and feelings of others.
3. LANGUAGE
1. Objective and Subjective
Language
Objective language is
factual, where as subjective
language expresses
attitudes and feelings.
Descriptive language is a particular type of subjective langauge . It isthe use of words that appeal to one or more of the reader’s senses.
Descriptive words help the reader create an imaginary picture of the object, person, or event being describ
2. DESCRIPTIVE LANGUAGE