Referencing styles and tools: An overview

Vasantha Raju N Librarian Govt. First Grade College Periyapatna vasanthrz@gmail.com

83rd Orientation Program Academic Staff College

July 30, 2009University of Mysore, Mysore

• To acknowledge others works

• To avoid plagiarism

• Reflect the thoroughness of the work (Amit, 2004).

• To trace the intellectual development of the ideas you present.

• To give credibility to your work.

• Studies have reported that students do not cite properly (Chikkamanju, 2009; Oppenheim & Smith, 2006 ; Clarke & Oppenheim, 2006).

Why we need to cite?

When to cite

• Quotations

• Summarizations of facts or ideas

• Information relevant to a particular argument (Amit, 2004).

What sources to cite

• Books

• Journals

• Conference proceedings

• Patents

• Thesis

• Personal communications

• Web pages etc.

Citation styles

There are several popular citation style manuals.

Among the most commonly used style manuals are….

• Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA)

• Chicago Manual of Style

• MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (MLA)

Book covers of APA, Chicago and MLA Manual

Information necessary for properly citing sources

For book

- Author or editor(s) with initials or forenames- Title - Edition - Publisher- Date of publication Imprint - Place of publication

Example for books

Referencing in APA, Chicago and MLA for books

http://www.silverbearcafe.com/private/images/drowning.jpg

APA

Darwin, C. (2006). On the origin of species: By means of natural selection. New York: Dover Publications.

Chicago Manual of Style

Darwin, Charles. 2006. On the origin of species: By means of natural selection. New York: Dover Publications.

MLA

Darwin, Charles. On the origin of species: By means of natural selection. New York: Dover Publications, 2006.

Information necessary……… Conti…

For journal article

- Article author (s) with initials or forenames- Publication year - Article title - Journal title (italics)- Volume and issue number - pagination

Example for journal articles

APA

Byrne, A. (2008). Web 2.0 strategy in libraries and information services. Australian Library Journal, 57 (4), 365-376.

Chicago Manual of Style

Byrne, A. 2008. Web 2.0 strategy in libraries and information services. Australian Library Journal, 57 (4): 365-376.

MLA Byrne, Alex. “Web 2.0 strategy in libraries and

information services.” Australian Library Journal 57.4 (2008): 365-376.

Referencing in APA, Chicago and MLA for journal articles

Information necessary………

Conti…For article/chapter in a book collection

- author's surname(s) and initial(s)- title of article - title of book - editor(s) name- publisher - place of publication- year of publication- page number(s)

Example for article/chapter in a book collection

Referencing in APA, Chicago and MLA for a book chapter

APANarahari Rao, H.N. (2007). Girish’s women trilogy. In N. Manu Chakravarthy (ed.), Culturing

realism: reflection on Girish Kasaravalli’s films (pp. 99-106). Bangalore: Nudi Pustaka.

Chicago Manual

Narahari Rao, H.N. 2007. . “Girish’s women trilogy.” In Culturing realism: reflection on Girish Kasaravalli’s films , ed. N. Manu Chakravarthy , 99-106 . Bangalore: Nudi Pustaka

MLA Narahari Rao, H.N. “Girish’s women trilogy.” Culturing realism: reflection on Girish

Kasaravalli’s films . Ed. N. Manu Chakravarthy . Bangalore: Nudi Pustaka, 2007. 99-106.

For website - Author

- Name of the site- date site was created- Retrieved date- URL

Information necessary……… Conti…

Referencing in APA, Chicago and MLA for web page /site

Referencing in APA, Chicago and MLA for webpage/ site

APA

National School Board Association. (2007). Retrieved July 26, 2009, from http://www.nsba.org/

Chicago Manual

National School Board Association. 2007. http://www.nsba.org/ (accessed July 26, 2009).

MLA

National School Board Association. 26 July 2009 < http://www.nsba.org>

Source: http://flickr.com

Information necessary……… Conti…

For article in electronic (e) journal

- author's surname(s) and initial(s)

– title of article – Journal title – Volume & issue number (if available) – Page numbers (if available ) – Document retrieved date – URL

Referencing in APA, Chicago and MLA for e-journal

Referencing in APA, Chicago and MLA for e-journal

• APAPyati, A. K. (2009). Public library revitalization in India: Hopes,

challenges, and new visions. First Monday, 7(6). Retrieved July 29, 2009, from http://www.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/viewArticle/2588/2237.

• Chicago Manual

Pyati, Ajit. K. 2009. Public library revitalization in India: Hopes, challenges, and new visions. First Monday 7, no. 6, (July 6 )http://www.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/viewArticle/2588/2237 (accessed July 29, 2009)

• MLA

Pyati, A. K. " Public library revitalization in India: Hopes, challenges, and new visions." First Monday 7.6 (2009): 29 July 2009 <http://www.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/viewArticle/2588/2237 >.

Few important referencing tools/ software

SL. No.

Name of the Software URL Free or commercial

1. EndNote http://www.endnote.com Commercial

2. RefWorks http://www.refworks.com Commercial

3. Citation Machine http://citationmachine.net Free

4. Zotero http://www.zotero.org/ Free

Features of these referencing tools• Easy to use • Web based • Import from online databases/web pages • Create bibliographies• Create footnotes, in-text references etc

features are endless…….!

Source: http://library.nyu.edu/tools/compare.html

Online social bookmarking tools

SL No. Online bookmarking tools URL Availability

1. citeulike http://www.citeulike.org Free

2. Connotea http://www.connotea.org/ Free

3. Delicious http://delicious.com Free

Citulike web interface (http://www.citeulike.org)

Citation formats in citeulike

Features of citulike

• Easily store references you find online

• Discover new articles and resources

• Share references with your peers

• Find out who's reading what you're reading

• Store and search your PDFs

Source: http://www.citeulike.org/

Delicious web interface (http://delicious.com)

Features of delicious

• Can save all your bookmarks online

• Share bookmarks with other people

• Can see what other people are bookmarking

• Search and tagging tools help you keep

• track of your entire bookmark collection

Source: http://delicious.com

Connotea web interface(http://www.connotea.org/)

Features of Connotea bookmarking tool

• Save and organize links to your references

• Easily share references with colleagues

• Access references from any computer

• Easy to use

Source : http://www.connotea.org

Thank You

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