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04/15/2023 1In Partial Fulfillment for the Requirements in Physics 2(School Year 2014-2015)
Relativistic
MechanicsPrepared by: Laza, Pamana
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Relativistic Mass & Energy
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Relativistic Mass & EnergyAs it turns out,
while length decreases between two points at high speeds, the mass of an object will increase.
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Relativistic Mass & EnergyHowever, Einstein
did mention that "it is not good to introduce the concept of the mass of a moving body."
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Relativistic Mass & EnergyTraditionally, we
think that kinetic energy is the product of the mass and the square of the velocity. However...
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Relativistic Mass & EnergyEinstein found that
kinetic energy was the product of the mass, the speed of light squared, and gamma minus product of the mass and the speed of light squared
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Relativistic Mass & Energy
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Relativistic Mass & EnergyTAKE NOTE
THAT
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Relativistic Mass & Energy1. When the velocity
is small compared to the speed of light, this equation will reduce down to the traditional equation for kinetic energy.
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Relativistic Mass & Energy2. The amount of
kinetic energy required to bring the velocity closer to the speed of light approaches infinity.
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Relativistic Mass & Energy3. If the velocity
were equal to c, the equation would fall apart because there would be a zero in the denominator.
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Relativistic Mass & EnergyTherefore, we can
conclude that it is not possible to travel up to or beyond the speed of light.
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Relativistic Momentum
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Relativistic
Momentum
A direct consequence of the Special Theory of Relativity is that the speed of an object cannot increase without limit.
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Relativistic
Momentum
One would reasonably conclude, then, that there is an absolute limit on the momentum of an object.
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Relativistic
Momentum
According to Einstein, the momentum of an object is given by:
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Relativistic
Momentum
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Relativistic
Momentum
Even at supersonic speed, a person's classical momentum and relativistic momentum does not differ by as much as a thousandth of a percent
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Relativistic Force Law
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Relativistic Force
LawNewton's second law states that the total force acting on a particle equals the rate of change of its momentum.
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Relativistic Force
LawThe same form of Newton's second law holds in relativistic mechanics.
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Relativistic Force
LawIt will be seen that Newton's second law in terms of acceleration is given by:
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Relativistic Force
Law
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Dynamics of a Single Particle
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Dynamics of a Single ParticleThe way that the
velocity of a particle can differ between observers who are moving relative to each other means that momentum needs to be redefined as a result of relativity theory.
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Dynamics of a Single Particle
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Dynamics of a Single ParticleIf momentum is
redefined then all the variables such as force (rate of change of momentum), energy etc. will become redefined and relativity will lead to an entirely new physics.
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Dynamics of a Single ParticleThe new physics has an
effect at the ordinary level of experience through the relation
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Dynamics of a Single Particlewhereby it is the
tiny deviations in gamma from unity that are expressed as everyday kinetic energy so that the whole of physics is
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Dynamics of a Single Particlerelated to
"relativistic" reasoning rather than Newton's empirical ideas.
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Some Experimental Results
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Some Experimental ResultsThree Experiments
Challenging Einstein's
Relativistic Mechanics and
Traditional Electromagnetic
Acceleration
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Some Experimental ResultsResuts prove that the traditional electromagnetic acceleration theory and Einstein's relativistic mechanics are misleading.
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Some Experimental ResultsElectromagnetic acceleration cannot push a charged particle to V c .
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Some Experimental ResultsEinstein's relativistic mechanics cannot explain the results from all the three experiments but the Galilean relativistic mechanics can.
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Some Experimental ResultsThe Lorentzian deflecting force, which stems from the interaction between a static magnetic field and a moving electron's moving magnetic
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Some Experimental Resultsfield, depends upon the speed of the moving electron.
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Some Experimental ResultsFor further information about the experiment's results, feel free to download the PDF file.h-theory.narod.ru/3LiangzaoFAN.pdf
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Equivalence of Mass and
Energy
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Equivalence of Mass &
EnergyIn his theory of special relativity Einstein formulated the equation E=mc^2. There is a tremendous amount of energy in mass.
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Equivalence of Mass &
EnergyA 20g marble contains as much energy as a 500 kiloton hydrogen bomb, but this energy is very difficult to release.
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Equivalence of Mass &
EnergyIt can be released through matter-antimatter annihilation, when matter and antimatter come together.
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Equivalence of Mass &
EnergyNuclear reactions can be understood to release so much more energy than chemical reactions because of the mass changes.
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Relativity and
Electromagnetism
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Relativity & Electromag
netism"If I am moving at a large velocity along a light wave, what propagation velocity should I measure?"
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Relativity & Electromag
netismThis was a question young Einstein asked himself and in 1905, he published a monumental paper on special relativity which formulated
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Relativity & Electromag
netismhow to transform coordinates, velocity and electromagnetic fields between two inertial frames.He postulated that:
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Relativity & Electromag
netism1. All physical laws remain intact in any inertial frames, and2. The light velocity c is invariant against inertial coordinate transformation.