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CHAPTER 5
By:Roy S. Capangpangan
BSED II - Eng
Medical StudiesAt the
University of Santo Tomas
ATENEO
Rizal had completed his vocational course in Surveying which he graduate with Highest Honors.
run by Jesuits;
UST (1877-1882)
he transferred to Medical course where he won more Literary Laurels; had other romances with pretty girls; and fought against Spanish Students who insulted the brown Filipino students.
run by Dominicans.
DOŇA TEODORA
opposed the idea of sending Rizal to University to pursue Higher Education because she was aware what happened to Gom-Bur-Za and feared of might would happen to Rizal.
Rizal was surprised by his mother’s opposition, who was a woman of education and culture.
Despite her mother’s opposition, Don Francisco told Paciano to accompany Rizal to Manila.
MOTHER’S OPPOSITION TO HIGHER EDUCATION
April 1877
Rizal enrolled at UST, taking the course on Philosophy and Letters.
Reasons:
1. His father liked it.
2. He was still uncertain as to what career to pursue.
Fr. Pablo Ramon
rector of the Ateneo.
RIZAL’S ENTERS THE UNIVERSITY
1877 – 1878
Rizal studied Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy, and History of Philosophy during his first year term.
1877 – 1879
Rizal took up medical course upon the advised of Ateneo’s Rector to study medicine.
Reason:
-- To be able to cure his mother’s growing blindness.
While Rizal was studying at UST, he also studied in Ateneo. He took the vocational course leading to the title of “Perito Agrimensor” (Expert Surveyor).
He excelled in all subjects in the surveying course obtaining gold medals in Agriculture and Topography.
Vocational Courses:
1. Agriculture 3. Mechanics
2. Commerce 4. Surveying
FINISHES SURVEYING COURSE IN ATENEO (1878)
At the age of 17, he passed the final exam in the surveying course but could not be granted the title as Surveyor because he was under age.
November 25, 1881
the title as Surveyor to Rizal
Extra-Curricular Activities:
1. President, Academy of Spanish Literature.
2. Secretary, Academy of Natural Sciences.
3. Secretary, Marian Congregation.
Segunda Katigbak Miss L.
fair with seductive and attractive eyes.
Reasons:
1. The sweet memory of Segunda was still fresh in his heart.
2. His father did not like the family of Miss L. Leonor “Orang” Valenzuela
a medical student from Calamba, Laguna
the charming daughter of Capitan Juan and Capitana Sanday Valenzuela.
tall girl with a regal bearing.
Rizal sent Leonor a love notes written in invisible ink.
ROMANCES WITH OTHER GIRLS
Leonor Rivera
Rizal’s cousin from Camiling.
born in Camiling, tarlac on April 11, 1867.
a student of La Concordia College where Rizal’s sister, Soledad was then studying.
frail, pretty girl, and tender as a budding flower with kindly wistful eyes.
Taimis Leonor’s pseudonym in order to camouflage their intimate relationship from their parents and friends.
Rizal lived in:
Casa Tomasina
No. 6 Calle Santo Tomas, Intramuros
Antonio Rivero – Rizal’s landlord-uncle.
-- father of Leonor Rivera.
One dark summer vacation night of 1878 in Calamba when Rizal was a freshman Medical student at the University of Santo Tomas. He was walking in the street and dimly perceived the figure of a man while passing him not knowing that the person was a Lieutenant of the Guardia Civil, he did not salute not say a greetings. With a snarl, he turned upon Rizal, whipped out his sword and brutally slashed his back.
VICTIM OF SPANISH OFFICER’S BRUTALITY
Rizal reported the incident to General Primo de Rivera, the Spanish Governor General of the Philippines at that time but nothing came out because he was an Indio and the accused was a Spaniard.
Later in a letter to Blumentritt dated March 21, 1887, he related, “I went to the Captain-General but I could not obtain justice; my wound lasted two weeks.”
Liceo Artisco-Literano (Artistic-Literary Lyceum)
a society of literary men and artists.
held a Literary Contest and offered a prize (Silver Pen, feather-shaped decorated with gold ribbon) for best poem.
“A La Juventud Filipina” (To The Filipino Youth)
Rizal’s prize-winning and inspiring poem of flawless for.
“TO THE FILIPINO YOUTH”
Rizal beseeched the Filipino youth to rise from the lethargy; to let their genius mind fly swiftly the wind and descend with art and science to break the chains that have long bound the spirit of the people.
Reasons why Rizal’s Poem was a Classic in Philippine Literature:
1. It was the first gr eat poem in Spanish written by a Filipino, whose merit was recognized by Spanish Literary Authorities.
2. It expressed for the first time the nationalistic concept that the Filipinos were the “fair hope of the Fatherland.”
Artistic-Literary Lyceum
opened another literary contest (to both Filipinos and Spaniards) to commemorate the 4th centennial of the death of Cervantes.
Cervantes
was a Spain’s glorified man-of-letters and famous author of Don Quixote.
Rizal submitted an allegorical drama entitled “El Consejo de los Dioses” (The Council of the Gods).
“THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS” (1880)
The Council of the Gods
was based on the Greek classics.
aided by Fr. Rector of Ateneo.
Prize: Gold Ring engraved the bust of Cervantes
Winners:
1st Place: Jose Rizal (19yrs old)
2nd Place: D. N. Del Puzo (Spanish)
--Because of its literary superiority.
“Junto Al Pasig” (Besides the Pasig)
(Zarzuela)staged by the Ateneans on December 8, 1880 of the Annual Celebration of the Feast Day of Immaculate Concepcion (Patroness of Ateneo).
A Filipinas
(a sonnet, 1880) Rizal urged all Filipino artists to glorify the Philippines.
Abd-el-Azis y Mahoma
(poem, 1879) was declaimed by an Atenean, Manuel Fernandez on the night of December 8, 1879 in honor of the Ateneo’s Patroness.
OTHER LITERARY WORKS
Al M. R. P. Pablo Ramon
(a poem, 1881) Rizal wrote a poem as an expression of affection to Father Pablo Ramon, the Ateneo Rector, who had been so kind and helpful to him.
Summer of May 1881
Rizal went to a pilgrimage to the town of pakil, famous shrine of the Birhen Maria de los Dolores.
he was accompanied by his sisters—Saturnina , Maria, and Trinidad and their female friends.
They took a casco (flat-bottom sailing vessel) from Calamba to Pakil, Laguna, and stayed at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Manuel Regalado, whose son Nicolas was Rizal’s friend in Manila.
RIZAL’S VISIT TO PAKIL AND PAGSANJAN
Rizal and his companions were fascinated by he famous Turumba (people dancing in the streets during the procession in honor of the miraculous Birhen Maria de los Dolores)
Rizal was infatuated by a pretty girl colegiala, Vicenta Ybardolaza, who skillfully played the harp at the Regalado home.
Reasons why Rizal and his company made side trip to the neighbouring town of Pagsanjan:
1. It was the native town of Leonor Valenzuela
2. To see the world famed Pagsanjan Falls.
Rizal was the champion of the Filipino students in their fights against the arrogant Spanish students.
In 1880, Rizal founded a secret society of Filipino students in the University of Santo Tomas called “Compaňerismo”(Comradeship), whose members were called “Companions of Jehu,” after the valiant Hebrew general who fought the Armaeans.
Galicano Apacible (Rizal’s cousin from Batangas) was the Secretary.
Fierce encounter near the Escolta in Manila where Rizal was wounded on the head, and tenderly washed and dressed by Leonor Rivera in his boarding house “Casa Tomasina”.
CHAMPION OF FILIPINO STUDENTS
1. The Dominican were hostile to him.
2. The Filipino students were racially discriminated by the Spaniards.
3. The method of instruction was obsolete and repressive.
Result:
--Rizal, the most brilliant graduate of Ateneo failed to win high scholastic grade.
UNHAPY DAYS AT THE UST
1877 - 1878 (Philosophy & Letters)
Cosmology & Metaphysics … Excellent
Theodicy … Excellent
History of Philosophy … Excellent1878 - 1879 (Medicine) –1st Year
Physics … Fair
Chemistry … Excellent
Natural History … Good
Anatomy I … Good
Dissection I … Goo
Rizal’s Scholastic Records in the UST (1879-1882)
1879 - 1880 (Medicine) –2nd Year
Anatomy 2 … Good
Dissection 2 … Good
Physiology … Good
Private Hygiene … Good
Public Hygiene … Good1880 - 1881 (Medicine) –3rd Year
General Pathology … Fair
Therapeutics … Excellent
Surgery … Good1881 – 1882 (Medicine) –4th Year
Medical Pathology … Very Good
Surgical Pathology … Very Good
Obstetrics … Very Good
After finishing the Fourth Year of his medical course, Rizal decided to study in Spain. He could no longer endure the rampant bigotry, discrimination, and hostility in the University of Santo Tomas.
He did not seek his parent’s permission and blessings to go abroad; and even his beloved Leonor.
DECISION TO STUDY ABROAD
