road widening

Ahsanullah University of Science & Technology

Department of Civil Engineering

Transportation Engineering Lab

4th Year; 2nd Semester

Sec : A

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Presented By

Group-1

Md. Abu Sayeed 09.02.03.001

Maksudul Alim 09.02.03.003

Abontee Barua 09.02.03.005

K.M. Tawrat 09.02.03.006

Wasim Ather 09.02.03.008

Rezwana Binte Hafiz 09.02.03.053

What is Traffic Study???.....

Traffic studies may be grouped

into three main categories:

(1) Inventories,

(2) Administrative studies, and

(3) Dynamic studies.

Traffic Engineering Studies

– Volume studies

– Speed studies

– Travel time studies

– Delay studies

– Density studies

– Accident studies

– Parking studies

– Goods movement and transit studies

– Pedestrian studies

– Calibration studies

– Observation studies

Volume Study

Traffic volume is defined as the number of vehicles

crossing a section of road per unit time at any

selected period. Traffic volume studies are

conducted to collect data on the number of vehicles

and/or pedestrians that pass a point on a highway

facility during a specified time period.

This time period varies from as little as 15 min to

as much as a year, depending on the anticipated use

of the data.

To determine of vehicle composition in traffic stream.

To determine the service flow rate in PCU/PCE unit.

To estimate of ADT based on expansion factor.

To determine the directional distribution(DD).

To draw flow fluctuation curves

Effectiveness of a traffic control measure

To check existing, operating service condition of a roadway section

Planning traffic operation and control of existing facility

To design intersection, signal timings, channelization

Structural design of pavements, geometric design and road way capacity

Volume Study

Traffic volume studies are usually

conducted when certain volume

characteristics are needed, some of

which follow:

oAverage Annual Daily Traffic (AADT)

oAverage Daily Traffic (ADT)

oPeak Hour Volume (PHV)

oVehicle Classification (VC)

oVehicle Miles of Travel (VMT)

DEFINITIONS AND USEFUL

PARAMETRS

Definitions & Useful

Parameters

• Volume:

Volume on a road is the number of vehicles passing the

measurement point during a specified time interval.

• Demand:

is a measure of the number of vehicles (or passengers, or

persons) waiting for service in the given time period.

• Capacity:

is the maximum number that can reasonable be expected to

be served in the given time period.

Definitions & Useful Parameters

• PCE:

Passenger Car Equivalent is essentially the

impact that a mode of transport has on traffic

variables (such as headway, speed, density)

compared to a single car

• PCU:

It is a vehicle unit used for expressing highway

capacity unit

Definitions & Useful

Parameters

• Daily Volumes:

A common time interval for volumes is a day.

• Daily volumes are frequently used as the basis

for highway planning and general observations

of trends.

Daily Volume

commonly used daily volume parameters

Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT)

the average of 24-hour counts collected every day

of the year.

Average Daily Traffic (ADT)

the average of 24-hour counts collected over a

number of days greater than one but less than a

year.

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Peak Hour Volume (PHV)

the maximum number of vehicles that pas a point on a highway during a period of 60 consecutive minutes.

Vehicle Classification (VC) with respect to the type of vehicles for cars, two-axle trucks, or three-axle trucks.

Flow Rate

Vehicles/ 15 min expanded to 1 hour

Factors

Hourly expansion factors (HEFs) are determined

by the formula

Daily expansion factors (DEFs) are computed

as

Definitions (cont…)

• Directional Distribution

Directional Distribution is the predominant

one-way traffic volume expressed as a

percentage of two-way traffic

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Methods of counting volume

The two basic methods of counting traffic are:

Manual observation Automatic recording

Manual observation……

Most applications of manual counts require

small samples of data at any given location.

Manual counts are

sometimes used when the effort and expense

of automated equipment are not justified

Mechanical count

board

Electronic count

board

Manual observation……

Tally Sheets

Recording data onto tally sheets is the simplest means of

conducting manual counts. The data can be recorded

with a tick mark on a pre-prepared field form. A watch or

stopwatch is necessary to measure the desired count

interval

Automatic recording

Methods of counting volume…

Permanent Counters

Portable Counters

Video Recording

Automatic counting

Types of Volume Counts

Cordon Counts

Screen Line Counts

Intersection Counts

Types of Volume Counts

Periodic Volume counts

Pedestrian Volume counts

Cordon Counts

Screen Line Counts

Inters

ection

Count

s

Study Area ( Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Avenue)

Location: Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed

Avenue (Flyover)

Date: June 20, 2013

Time: 8:15am - 8:30am

Duration: 15 minute

Weather: Sunny day

Method: Manual (Direct)

General Information

Car

Bus

Motorbike

CNG

Microbus/

Pajero

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY

General Information

Location: Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Avenue

Date: June 19, 2013 (Wednesday)

Time: 3:30 to 3:45 pm

Duration: 15 minute

Weather: Clear


TimeCar,Jeep,Micro,Ta

xi

3 Wheeler

Motorcycle

Bus NMT Total

3:30-3:45 pm

215 80 33 37 22 387

Number of vehicle

Type of vehicleNo. of vehicle PCE Converted no. of

vehicle or PCU

Car,Jeep,Micro,Taxi 215 1.0 215

3 Wheeler 80 0.5 40

Motorcycle 33 0.1 3.30

Bus 37 3.0 111

NMT 22 0.5 11

Total 387 380.3

Converted no. of Vehicle

Rate of Flow = 380.30 vehicle/15min

Service flow rate of Reconnaissancesurvey

= 380.30*4

= 1521.20 vehicle/hour

FINAL SURVEY

Field activities and Time distribution

Location: Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Avenue

Date: June 20, 2013 (Thursday)

Time: 8:15 to 8:30 am

Duration: 15 minute

Weather: Clear


General Information

Group no. 01


xi

3 Wheeler

Motorcycle

Bus NMT Total

8:15-8:30

263 110 43 41 48 505

Group no. 01 (cont)Number of Vehicle

Type of vehicle No. of vehicle PCEConverted no. of

vehicle or PCU

Car,Jeep,Micro,Taxi

263 1 263

3 Wheeler 110 0.5 55

Motorcycle 43 0.1 4.3

Bus 41 3 123

NMT 48 0.5 24

Total 505 469.30

Group no. 01 (cont) Converted no. of Vehicle

Rate of Flow = 469.30 vehicle/15 min

Service flow rate = Rate of Flow * 4

= 469.3*4

= 1877.20 vehicle/hour

Group no. 01 (cont)

Hourly expansion factor, HEF = 17.11

Daily volume of traffic

= Service flow rate*HEF

= 1877.20*17.11

= 32118.892 vehicle/day

Group no. 01 (cont)

Daily expansion factor, DEF = 7.012

Weekly volume of traffic

= Daily volume of traffic*DEF

= 32118.892*7.012m

= 225217.67 vehicle/week

Group no. 01 (cont)

Average daily traffic, ADT

= Weekly volume of traffic/7

= 225217.67/7


Group no. 01 (cont)

Annual average daily traffic

= ADT*1.395

= 32173.95*1.395


Group no. 01 (cont)

Group no.

TimeCar,Jeep,Micro,Tax

i

3 Wheeler

Motorcycle

Bus NMT Total

1 8:15-8:30 263 110 43 41 48 505

2 8:30-8:45 262 127 60 45 17 511

3 8:45-9:00 169 63 40 26 4 302

4 9:00-9:15 239 106 80 36 0 461

5 9:15-9:30 220 94 55 33 16 418

Total 1153 500 278 181 85

Number of Vehicle(Flyover to Shatrasta)

Type of vehicle

No. of vehicle

PCE Converted no. of

vehicle or PCU

% PCU

Car,Jeep,Micro,Taxi

1153 1 1153

57.18395

3 Wheeler 500 0.5 250 12.39895

Motorcycle 278 0.1 27.8 1.378763

Bus 181 3 543 26.93052

NMT 85 0.5 42.5 2.107821

Total 2016.3 100

Converted no. of Vehicle(Flyover to Shatrasta)

Vehicle Composition of Traffic Stream (Flyover to Shatrasta)

57.18%

12.40%1.38%

26.93%

2.11%

Car,Jeep,Micro,Taxi

3 Wheeler

Motorcycle

Bus

NMT

Group no.


xi

3 Wheeler

Motorcycle

Bus NMT Total

6 8:15-8:30 314 125 110 24 7 580

7 8:30-8:45 341 111 88 35 40 615

8 8:45-9:00 282 132 74 25 0 513

9 9:00-9:15 341 142 62 48 0 593

10 9:15-9:30 314 105 61 32 0 512

Total 1592 615 395 164 47

Number of Vehicle(Shatrasta to Flyover)

Type of vehicle

No. of vehicle

PCE Converted no. of

vehicle or PCU

% PCU

Car,Jeep,Micro,Taxi

1592 1 1592

64.86046

3 Wheeler 615 0.5 307.5 12.52801

Motorcycle 395 0.1 39.5 1.609289

Bus 164 3 492 20.04482

NMT 47 0.5 23.5 0.957425

Total 2454.5 100

Converted no. of Vehicle(Shatrasta to Flyover)

Vehicle Composition of Traffic Stream (Shatrasta to Flyover)

64.86%

12.53%

1.61%

20.04%

0.96%

Car,Jeep,Micro,Taxi

3 Wheeler

Motorcycle

Bus

NMT

Flyover to

Shatrasta

Service flow

rate

(PCU/hour)

Shatrasta to

Flyover

Service flow

rate

(PCU/hour)

Group 01 1877.20 Group 06 1852

Group 02 1900 Group 07 2121.20

Group 03 1707 Group 08 1721.6

Group 04 1632 Group 09 2392.8

Group 05 1518 Group 10 1874.4

Average 1726.84 Average 1992.32

Directional

distribution46 %

Directional

distribution54%

Directional Distribution

Service flow rate Histogram(Flyover to Shatrasta)

1877.2 1900

17071632

1518

0

500

1000

1500

2000

8:15-8:30 8:30-8:45 8:45-9:00 9:00-9:15 9:15-9:30

PC

U/h

ou

r

Time

Service flow rate Histogram(Shatrasta to Flyover)

1852

2121.2

1721.6

2392.8

1874.4

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

8:15-8:30 8:30-8:45 8:45-9:00 9:00-9:15 9:15-9:30

PC

U/h

ou

r

Time

Directional Distribution

46%

54%

Flyover to Statrasta

Statrasta to Flyover

Time

Flyover to Statrasta Statrasta to Flyover

Average of

% ADTGroup

no.

ADT

(vehicle/day)% ADT

Group

no.

ADT

(vehicle/day)% ADT

8:15-8:30 1 32173.95 21.23 6 31742.04 18.59 19.91

8:30-8:45 2 32564.73 21.49 7 36355.95 21.29 21.39

8:45-9:00 3 29256.84 19.30 8 29507.07 17.28 18.29

9:00-9:15 4 27971.39 18.45 9 41010.99 24.02 21.23

9:15-9:30 5 29596.88 19.53 10 32125.96 18.82 19.18

Total 151563.79 100 170742.01 100

Flow Fluctuation

Flow Fluctuation Curve

0

5

10

15

20

25

8:15-8:30 8:30-8:45 8:45-9:00 9:00-9:15 9:15-9:30

% A

DT

Time

Flyover to Shatrasta

Shatrasta to Flyover

Average

Recommendations

Only 26% of total vehicles were Buses.

Public transport should be increased and improved.

Recommendations

5% of total vehicles were Non-motorized vehicles.

A dedicated lane should be provided to facilitate non-motorized vehicle.

Recommendations

39% of total vehicles were private cars. To reduce the number of private cars two steps can be taken-

• Introducing Tolls\HOT\Congestion pricing along some specific urban roadways.

• Introducing parking permits and restricting parking space.

Recommendations

In order to pick up and drop off passengers, bus-lay-by

should be provided.

Operated manual counting without a single Hand

Counter.

No provision for cross check in the manual

method.

No vantage location from where video method

could be used to collect data.

Thank

You…….

Education

road widening