Role of Private and Public

Educational Institutions in Enhancing Quality

Education

We consider it a privilege to place our deepest sense of gratitude and sincere thanks to our beloved principal, Prof.N.V Ramakrishna Murali for his sincere co-operation, guidance and supervision during the course of this project work under taken by us. We are extremely thankful and wish to express our sincere gratitude to our respected co-coordinator and our project guide, Naveen Sir for his kind co-operation and for providing valuable suggestions and constant encouragement for the improvement and successful completion of this project.

  Finally we thank all our friends, Faculty members & our beloved sister Kusuma Shree.K for spending their valuable time with us in designing this project• • • • • •

Acknowledgement

1. Kavya Shree.K

2. Sheethal.K.N

3. Rajeshwari.B.S

4. Jayashree.G.S

5. Gunasheela.H.S

6. Chaitra Adiga

7. Shamya.K

MEMBERS

“Education is not filling of a

pail, but lighting of fire”

- William Butler Yeats

CONTENTS Introduction History Public Education Private Education Facts Criticisms On Education System Review Of Literature Findings Recommendations Bibliography

EDUCATION

The greatest progress will occur in those countries where education is widespread and where it encourages experimental outlook. Educational development is a pre-condition of technological change. The investments made in education accelerate economic growth. The effective utilization of manpower depends on education, training and industrial experience of the people. Education is a basic infrastructure and it is important as defence of a country.

“Education Builds The Man So It Builds The Nation.”

WORLD HISTORYWith the gradual rise of

more complex civilizations in the river valleys of Egypt and Babylonia, knowledge became too complicated to transmit directly from person to person and from generation to generation.

To be able to function in complex societies, man needed some way of • accumulating, • recording, and • preserving his cultural heritage, so came the invention of WRITING

Early Civilizations

Because firsthand experience a place devoted exclusively to learningTHE SCHOOLappeared.

And with the school appeared a group of adults specially designated as TEACHERS

The method of learning was memorization, and the motivation was the fear of harsh physical discipline. On an ancient Egyptian clay tablet discovered by archaeologists, a child had written: "Thou didst beat me and knowledge entered my head."

The History Of Education is the history of teaching and learning. The earliest known universities, or places of higher education, started teaching a millennium or more years ago.

The Gurukul System of education supported traditional Hindu residential schools of learning. At the Gurukuls, the teacher imparted knowledge of:

•Warfare, •Statecraft, •Medicine•Astrology

Indian HISTORY

•Religion •Scriptures •philosophy•Literature

The Nalanda University was the oldest university-system of education in the world. Some of the other universities include Takshashila University, Ujjain, & Vikramshila Universities.

Western education became ingrained into Indian society with the establishment of the British. Education in India falls under the control of both the Union Government and the states.

PUBLIC EDUCATION

Education in India is mainly provided by the public sector.

Public educational institutions are part of a larger educational system, which functions as a part of the government and must follow the rules and regulations set by politicians.

Control and funding of public educational institutions come from three levels: federal, state, and local.

By law, public schools must accept all children. In many cases, enrolling your child involves little more than filling out a few forms and providing proof of your address to the local school district office. In practice, however, getting your child into the public school of his or her choice can be much more complicated.

ADMISSIONS AT PUBLIC SCHOOL

Finally, at the high school level, many districts in larger metropolitan areas offer special schools with competitive enrollment based on students' GPAs or artistic portfolios.

It's important to note that all teachers in a public school are usually state certified or, at a minimum, working toward certification. Certification ensures that a teacher has gone through the training required by the state, which includes student teaching and course work.

QUALIFICATIONS AOF PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS

Women's education

Women have much lower literacy rate than men. Far fewer girls are enrolled in the schools, and many of them drop out. According to a 1998 report by U.S. Department of Commerce, the chief barrier to female education in India are inadequate school facilities and shortage of female teachers. Conservative cultural attitudes, especially among Muslims, prevents some girls from attending school Recently the Indian government has launched Saakshar Bharat Mission for Female Literacy, this mission aims to bring down female illiteracy by half of its present level.

Less than primary

28%

Higher secondary and above

9%10-year

secondary11%

Middle21%

Primary31%

Female

Less than primary

24%

Higher secondary and above

13%

10-year secondary 14%

Middle21%

Primary27%

Male

primary is 5 yrs of completed schooling middle is 8 yrs,10 - year secondary is 10 years and higher secondary and above is 12 yrs or more

Educational Attainment Of Literate Population

A large proportion of women in India are illiterates and ignorant. The female literacy rate is just 54.16% as against male literacy rate of 75.85%. Similarly combined gross enrolment ratio of female was 48% percent as against 62% of males in1999.

Year Age Persons Males Females195119611971198119912001

5 years and above5 years and above5 years and above7 years and above7 years and above7 years and above

18.3328.3034.4543.5752.2165.38

27.1640.4045.9556.3763.8675.85

8.8615.3421.9729.7539.4554.16

Literacy rates in INDIA 1951-2001(%)

Source: Economic Survey, 2004-05, Census of India, 2001

The Mid-day Meal Scheme is the popular name for school meal programme in India. The State of Karnataka introduced the provision of cooked meals in June 2002. It involves provision of lunch free of cost to school-children on all working days. The key objectives of the programme are: • protecting children from hunger • increasing school enrolment • attendance• improved socialization • addressing malnutrition.

Mid-day Meal Scheme

12 crore (120 million) children are so far covered under the Mid-day Meal Scheme. It has successfully involved private sector participation in the programme. One such successful venture is Akshaya Patra, which started with leadership from ISKCON in the Bangalore community. Food is delivered to schools in sealed and heat retaining containers just before the lunch break every day.

PRIVATE EDUCATION

Education in India is also provided by the private sector.

private educational institutions must generate their own funding, which typically comes from a variety of sources: tuition; private grants; and fundraising from parents, alumni, and other community members.

• According to current estimates, 80% of all educational institutions are public educational institutions and 27% of Indian children are privately educated.

• Private educational institutions fail to provide education to the poorest families.

• Private educational institutions do not receive tax revenues, so they do not have to follow the same sorts of regulations that govern public schools.

• Private educational institutions cover the entire curriculum and offer extra-curricular activities such as science fairs, general knowledge, sports, music and drama.

• Private educational institutions must generate their own funding, which typically comes from a variety of sources: tuition; private grants; and fundraising from parents, alumni, and other community members.

•Private educational institutions often provide superior results than public educational institutions.

Private schools, by their very definition, are selective. They are not obligated to accept every child, so getting admitted may involve in-depth applications with multiple interviews, essays, and testing. Because private schools define the identity of their communities, they often pick and choose between candidates based not only on their scholastic achievement but also their ethnicity and religious background as well as the special attributes (or assets) of their parents.

ADMISSIONS AT PRIVATE SCHOOL

People assume that teachers at private schools are as qualified as those at public ones, it's important to note that all teachers in a public school are usually state certified or, at a minimum, working toward certification but Teachers in private schools may not be required to have certification. Instead, they often have subject-area expertise and an undergraduate or graduate degree in

QUALIFICATIONS OF PRIVATE SCHOOL TEACHERS

the subject they teach.

SMART CLASSESSmart Class is a comprehensive solution designed to assist teachers

in meeting with their day to day classroom challenges and enhancing students academic performance with simple, practical and meaningful use of technology.

Smart Class provides teachers with instant access to multimedia content and instruction materials mapped exactly to the specific curriculum guidelines for use in class.

Smart Class is highly efficient in maintaining student's interest and engagement in learning inside the classroom. Smart Class simplifies the problems of teaching concepts that are difficult for students to visualize. It has interactive multi-media modules.

Smart Class

Infrastructures of

some educational

institutions

•There are 268 million illiterate people in India, unable to read, write or make a reasoned decision and almost a third of the world’s total number.

•India spends only 3.3 percent of its GDP on education, compared to an average 5.8 percent in developed countries.

•In many states of India, 95 percent of all education budgets pay teachers salaries, with less than 1 percent in some cases for schools and materials.

•A girl’s education is an abruptly ended hope for millions of girls as only 1 in 4 remain in school long enough to complete Class 10.

•Women receive on average only 1.8 years of schooling in India.

TOP 10 FACTS

•Of the 32 million children that began school in 2004, less than half will complete a compulsory 8 years of education.

•Across India, there are 13 million working children, many of whose lives were scripted the moment they were born.

•Disorder, lack of discipline and poor conditions mean that 1 in 4 teachers never turn up to class.

•Average class sizes are up to 40 students nationwide and up to 83 in the Indian state of Bihar (North India).

•In 75 percent of schools there is only one teacher for several classes.

• Modern education in India is often criticized for being based on rote learning.

Criticism of Indian Education System

•The expenditure spent on schools is generally very less as compared the admission fees of the students.

•The presence of a number of education boards (SSC, ICSE, CBSE, IB) leads to non-uniformity.

•The boards are recently trying to improve quality of education by increasing percentage of practical and project marks. However, critics say even this is memorized by students.

• Recently, the country has seen a rise in instances of student suicides due to low marks and failures, especially in metropolitan cities.

•Ragging used to be a major problem in colleges

•The general corruption prevalent in India is also an issue in the Education system.

•Student politics is also a major issue, as many institutions are run by politicians.

•Many people also criticize the reverse discrimination inherent in caste, language and religion-based reservations in education system.

Education builds the man so it builds the nation. Today we claim to be the biggest human resources supplier for the world, but are we concerned what quality of human capital we are building and for whose needs? We supply bureaucrats to the government, software engineers to the IT companies around the world, highly paid managers to the multinationals, we supply engineers and science graduates as researchers to the foreign universities. What capital are we building for ourselves?

We need a revolution in the education system of

 INDIA?

India needs artists who could make its culture the most popular in the world. A culture which is not only saleable itself but also helps in selling India’s products across the world. In a nutshell, India needs Henry Fords, Bill Gateses, Thomas Alva Edisons and Michael Jacksons born and educated in India.

India aspires to be powerful, it wants to play a role in the international community, for that to happen, its economy has to grow multifold and for that to happen, it requires a huge force of entrepreneurs who could transform it into a nation which produces, from the one which only consumes. India needs a huge force of innovators who could make it self reliant in all kinds of sciences and technologies.

One may say we had few. Yes, we had. M. S. Swaminathan who made India self reliant in food grains, Dhiru Bhai Ambani who proved a common man can become a billionaire, Dr. Varghese Kurien who is the father of Amul milk movement, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam who dared to build missiles for India, Pundit Ravishankar who is the ambassador of the Indian music to the world. Such people though in small numbers, were always there. But they are not the products of this education system. This system did not teach them how to become innovators or entrepreneurs or artists. Had it done so, they would have been millions in numbers. These people were inspired themselves.

1. Best talents of the country working in the education sector.

2. A world class infrastructure.3. Greater investments into education, public as well as private.4. Education which encourages innovation and creativity.5. Education which encourages entrepreneurship.6. An education which makes a child sad when the last bell is rung at the end of the day in the school.

A revolution means big changes. We expect the revolution in education to bring lots of changes. These changes will result into:

What do we expect from such a revolution?

Education system in India is not good. most of the students are not satisfied with this system that's why they have to move foreign for their higher education. We have a few college very less school. we have 550 million population who are 1-21[age]. around 300 million students are not studying. after passing twelfth class 46/ student prefer to go to college. We can say ten out one student goes for higher study nine student hang around here and there. after getting freedom we are failed to provide good education for Indian youth. more then 2.50 lakh student go to abroad year and they pay 50,00 crore rupee for higher education. we need more IIT's , IIM's for stopping brain drain. India has 17000 colleges which are affiliated to around 500 universities.

Education system in IndiaBy: Santosh Chaudhary

Suggestions to improve education system.

1. Change the syllabus and teaching methods.

2. Select more and more attractive courses. which can be beneficial for needy person. provide quality education to your youth.

3. Infrastructure must be comfortable for students. if someone is paying high fee then he will require good quality and technology with study.

4. Provide them good course after metric education. and trained teachers properly.

5. Fill the vacancy of teachers .

Japan Germany America South Korea

China India0

20406080

100120 110

7665

4530

3

Teachers

Japan has 110 teachers for 1000 students for engineering, medical and other management courses. Germany has 76 teachers for 1000 students, America has 65, South Korea has 46 and China has 30. But in India there are only 3 teachers for the batch of 1000 students. That is why we are way behind to provide professional education to our students.

Article Source: http://www.saching.com/

These are some bad effected points which are road-blocks also. government will open 1500 new universities for India's population of 130 crore. And central government has shown some seriousness to this recommendation and has issued ten thousand crores to provide higher education. 100 IITs and IIMs can be opened every year with the money that is transferred to other counties every year when Indian students go to those countries. Professionals play an important role in their country's economic progress. But it is out misfortune that out school system is in a 'dilapidated and devastated' situation. For the 95 per cent students, technical and work oriented education is just a dream. Professional education institutes are the base of every country's economic progress. But the gap between progressing and progressed countries can not be filled in short term as for as the professional and technical education is concerned.

• Several children do not even get a basic elementary education. • Private school students typically score higher than public school students on standardized tests.• Teacher absenteeism and lack of Teacher Accountability are the major impediments in providing quality education to the students in public schools.• Achievement levels of students are indicators of the quality of teaching – learning in schools. Performance of students continues to remain at low levels both at primary and upper primary levels.• Both the private and government schools in smaller towns and villages are uniformly pathetic.

FINDINGS

• Even if one graduates from college, the graduates are mostly unemployable, because of poor quality course material and teaching in the colleges.• Even if a student graduates from a higher secondary school, there are not enough colleges. The only hope left to most high school graduates is correspondence education. It is not clear to me whether one can be motivated enough to study through the correspondence course material sitting at home. • Just one out of nine children finishing school joins a college. India has one of the lowest higher education enrollment ratio of 11 per cent. In the US it is 83 per cent.• A study by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council showed that 90 per cent of the colleges and 70 per cent of the universities that the council graded were of middling or poor quality• On an average most Indian universities revise their curricula only once in five to 10 years but even then they get defeated in both letter and spirit

• In 50 years, only 44 private institutions were granted deemed university status by the University Grants Commission. In the last 5 years, it has granted that status to 49 more, leading to charges of impropriety

• The quality of school education hasn’t improved. A recent study found that in rural north India on an average day, there is no teaching activity in about half” of the primary schools

• Almost half of the country’s population is below 25 years. Almost 10 per cent of them or 12 crore are between the ages of 18 and 23. If they are equipped with both knowledge and skills, they could drive India’s entrepreneurial and Competitive spirit and make it into global power.

• Implementation of time bound projects and flagship programme like DPEP, SSA and Mid Day Meal programme by the inspectorate with no administrative support has affected the supervision of the schools.

• Compulsory free education should be made available till Class XII.

• Quality of teaching in public schools should be increased.

• Make the schools child friendly learning hubs.

• While providing adequate number of schools to match the demand for enrolment, “Quality” was inadequately addressed and “Equity” remained almost unattended.

• Build the capacities of the meritorious but poor children to compete with others in common Admission Tests for Higher Education courses and also in the competitive exams for high profile jobs.

RECOMMENDATIONS

• Survey of schools for drafting a suitable plan of action to bridge the gaps in academic and infrastructural aspects.

• Extend the benefit of career and academic guidance by building up the capacities of the local teachers and lecturers in High Schools and Junior colleges.

• Govt. schools should be run by private entities/ entrepreneurs.

• All education above higher secondary school level should be primarily dealt with by private entities.

•Build the capacities of children from 7 standard onwards to access various courses of higher education according to their aptitude.

•College education through correspondence system to be increased

•Streamlining the youth to various courses of higher education and job market.

•School improvement program including English language program to be put in place in Govt.schools.

•School improvement program including English language program to be put in place in Govt.schools.Impediments in the way of setting up for-profit private colleges to be removed

•Alternate education must be promoted

•Building up awareness on the scholarships, incentives and other facilities being provided for backward classes by the Government.

•Universalization of good quality basic education:

• Expanding secondary education and improving quality

• Reforming vocational education and training

• Expanding and Improving Technical and Tertiary Education:

• Building awareness on scholarship entitlements for candidates along with special assistance programs under the Government schemes.

•The rural women should now look for quality Education for their children, which is the surest way out of poverty.

Questions?

BIBILOGRAPHY

www.education.niC

www.globalenvision.org

www.economist.com

www.indg.in/primary-education

www.timeshighereducation.co.uk

www-cgi.cnn.com/ASIANOW/universities2000

www.efareport.unesco.org/ (2007)

www.unicef.org/india/education

www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow

www.yahoo.co.in

www.google.co.in

www.wikipedia.com

www.world bank.com