EARTHQUAKES & FAULTS

Module 1

http://vanillasandbar.tumblr.com/

Earthquake epicenters 1963-1998

Image courtesy of NASA

What is a fault?Demo 1: A Fault-y Setup

http://www.geerassociation.org/GEER_Post%20EQ%20Reports/Duzce_1999/kaynasli1.htm

Aerial Photo of Wallace Creek and San Andreas Fault (Copyright by David Lynch) http://epod.usra.edu/blog/2006/12/aerial-photo-of-wallace-creek-and-san-andreas-fault.html

http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/tsunami/plates.htm

STRIKE-SLIP FAULT

A strike-slip fault forms when the rock layers on opposite sides of a fault slides past each other horizontally. This type of fault is sometimes called as tear, wrench or transcurrent fault.

http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/tsunami/plates.htm

NORMAL FAULT

A normal fault forms as a result of tension. The rock layers in the Earth’s crust are pulled apart, and gravity causes one section to move downward in relation to the other.

http://geology.csupomona.edu/janourse/TectonicsFieldTrips.htm

http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/archive/socal/geology/inland_empire/socal_faults.html

http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/tsunami/plates.htm

REVERSE FAULT

A reverse fault forms as a result of compression. The rock layers in the earth’s crust are squeezed together, and the force pushes one section upward in relation to the other.

How do faults produce earthquakes? Activity 1: Stick ‘n’ Slip

Demo 2: Stick ‘n’ Shake

Focus and EpicenterDemo 3: Fault Model

How strong is the earthquake?

Intensity Magnitudeeffects on people/surroundings

energy released

Roman numerals Hindu-Arabic numerals

Philippine Earthquake Intensity Scale (PHIVOLCS)

Richter scale

Do you live near an active fault?

Earthquakes and TsunamisActivity 2: Tsunami!

What’s inside the Earth?

EARTHQUAKES & FAULTS

Module 1

KNOWLEDGE # 1.

1. It is referred to as a break in the earth’s crust.

A. Focus

B. Epicenter

C. Fault

D. Fault Plane

KNOWLEDGE # 2.

2. A vibration of the earth due to rapid release of energy is known as____________.

A. Tidal Wave

B. Earthquake

C. Land Slide

D. Typhoon

KNOWLEDGE # 3

3. The place where the fault begins to slip is called the _________.

A. Focus

B. Epicenter

C. Fault

D. Fault Plane

KNOWLEDGE # 44. The spot directly above the

focus on the surface of the earth is called the _______.

A. Focus

B. Epicenter

C. Fault

D. Fault Plane

KNOWLEDGE # 5

5. What government agency is tasked to identify the intensity of earthquake in the Philippines?

A. PAG-ASA

B. PHILVOCS

C. NDRRMC

D. MMDA

KNOWLEDGE # 6

6. A big wave produced by earthquakes that originates under the sea is known as ________.

A. Typhoon

B. Tsunami

C. Flood

D. Volcanic Eruption

KNOWLEDGE # 7

7. An image about the interior of the earth can be inferred by studying the behaviour of the ___.

A. earth’s surface

B. tidal wave

C. seismic wave

D. rocks

KNOWLEDGE # 8

8. The Philippines is prone to earthquakes because it is located along the ______.

A. Equator

B. Pacific Ring of Fire

C. Pacific Ocean

D. prime meridian

KNOWLEDGE # 9

9. What intensity of the earthquake based on PhilVocs Earthquake Intensity Scale is slightly felt?

A. Intensity I

B. Intensity II

C. Intensity III

D. Intensity IV

KNOWLEDGE # 10

10. The flat surface between a fault line is called ______.

A. Hills

B. Valley

C. Fault Plane

D. Focus

PROCESS # 1

1. Which of the following statements is FALSE about an earthquake?

A. Earthquakes have caused countless deaths all over the world,

B. earthquake was caused by movement along the fault.

C. Earthquake is a vibration of the Earth due to the rapid release of energy.

D. Earthquakes with a magnitude of 2 can cause severe damage.

PROCESS # 22. Which of the following is a difference

between a focus and epicenter?

A. The focus is where an earthquake originates, epicenter is the spot directly above the focus.

B. The focus is on the surface while an epicentre is underneath the focus.

C. The focus is a flat surface while an epicentre is the geometrical center of the earth.

D. The focus is found along the fault line while an epicentre is anywhere on the fault plane.

PROCESS # 3

3. Which of the following differentiates intensity from magnitude? Magnitude is ____.

A. a measure of how strong an earthquake is.

B. an instrument that measures earthquake.

C. expressed using roman numerals.

D. expressed in hindu-arabic numerals.

PROCESS # 44. Which of the following is a normal

fault?

A.

C.

B.

PROCESS # 5

5. What is referred to in the letter B of the illustration?

A. Focus

B. Epicenter

C. Fault Line

D. Fault Plane

UNDERSTANDING # 1

1. Why does an earthquake occur? Earthquake occurs because _______.

A. Superman is shaking the earth.

B. the earth is hit by a meteor.

C. a fault suddenly moves.

D. crust moves as the earth rotates on its axis.

UNDERSTANDING # 2

2. How do faults produce earthquake?

A. Energy from inside the Earth makes the ground move, once friction is overcome, a fault slips producing earthquake.

B. Magma and lava causes the ground to spread producing faults.

C. Molten rock materials accumulate and go out along the fault producing earthquake.

D. Tectonic plates collide forming volcanoes and causing earthquakes.

UNDERSTANDING # 3

3. When an earthquake occurs, where would the shaking be greater?

A. at the epicentre

B. away from the epicenter

C. at the focus

D. at the fault plane.

UNDERSTANDING # 4

4. How does earthquake wave gives us picture of the interior of the earth?

A. by studying the behaviour of earthquake waves as it passes through different layers of the earth.

B. by identifying which part of the earth has the greatest destruction during earthquake.

C. by taking photographs of crust, mantle and core.

D. by identifying the epicentre of earthquakes.

UNDERSTANDING # 5

5. When does a tsunami happen?

A. if a fault suddenly moves in a body of water, a tsunami may happen.

B. when the typhoon is so strong.

C. when huge water animals make big waves

D. if a meteor hits the ocean a tsunami happens.