Light and SoundLight and Sound

In this unit:

1) Properties of light2) Reflection3) Colours4) Refraction5) Properties of sound6) Hearing

Part 1 – Properties of LightPart 1 – Properties of Light

Light travels in straight lines:

Laser

Light travels VERY FAST – around 300,000 kilometres per second.

At this speed it can go around the world 8 times in one second.

Light travels much faster than sound. For example:

1) Thunder and lightning start at the same time, but we will see the lightning first.

2) When a starting pistol is fired we see the smoke first and then hear the bang.

We see things because they reflect light into our eyes:

Homework

Luminous and non-luminous objects

A luminous object is one that produces light.

A non-luminous object is one that reflects light.

Luminous objects Reflectors

Shadows

Shadows are places where light is “blocked”:

Rays of light

Properties of Light summaryProperties of Light summary

1) Light travels in straight lines2) Light travels much faster than sound3) We see things because they reflect light

into our eyes4) Shadows are formed when light is blocked

by an object

Part 2 - ReflectionPart 2 - ReflectionReflection from a mirror:

Incident ray

Normal

Reflected ray

Angle of incidence

Angle of reflection

Mirror

The Law of ReflectionThe Law of Reflection

Angle of incidence = Angle of reflectionAngle of incidence = Angle of reflection

In other words, light gets reflected from a surface at ____ _____ angle it hits it.

The same !!!

Clear vs. Diffuse ReflectionClear vs. Diffuse Reflection

Smooth, shiny surfaces have a clear reflection:

Rough, dull surfaces have a diffuse reflection.

Diffuse reflection is when light is scattered in different directions

Using mirrorsUsing mirrorsTwo examples:

1) A periscope

2) A car headlight

ColourColourWhite light is not a single colour; it is made

up of a mixture of the seven colours of the rainbow.

We can demonstrate this by splitting white light with a prism:

This is how rainbows are formed: sunlight is “split up” by raindrops.

The colours of the rainbow:The colours of the rainbow:

RedOrangeYellowGreenBlue

IndigoViolet

Adding coloursAdding coloursWhite light can be split up to make separate colours.

These colours can be added together again.

The primary colours of light are red, blue and green:

Adding blue and red makes magenta (purple)

Adding blue and green makes cyan

(light blue)

Adding all three makes white again

Adding red and green makes yellow

Seeing colourSeeing colourThe colour an object appears depends on the colours

of light it reflects.

For example, a red book only reflects red light:

White

lightOnly red light is reflected

A white hat would reflect all seven colours:

A pair of purple trousers would reflect purple light (and red and blue, as purple is made up of red and blue):

Purple light

White

light

Using coloured lightUsing coloured light

If we look at a coloured object in coloured light we see something different. For example, consider a football kit:

White

light

Shorts look blue

Shirt looks red

In different colours of light this kit would look different:

Red

lightShirt looks red

Shorts look black

Blue

light

Shirt looks black

Shorts look blue

Some further examples:

Object Colour of light Colour object seems to be

Red socksRed RedBlue BlackGreen Black

Blue teddyRed BlackBlueGreen

Green camelRedBlueGreen

Magenta bookRedBlueGreen

Using filtersUsing filtersFilters can be used to “block” out different colours of light:

Red Filter

Magenta Filter

Investigating filtersInvestigating filters

Colour of filter Colours that could be “seen”Red

Green

Blue

Cyan

Magenta

Yellow

Red

Magenta

White

Yellow

Blue Green

Cyan

RefractionRefraction

Refraction is when waves ____ __ or slow down due to travelling in a different _________. A medium is something that waves will travel through. When a pen is placed in water it looks like this:

In this case the light rays are slowed down by the water and are _____, causing the pen to look odd. The two mediums in this example are ______ and _______.

Words – speed up, water, air, bent

Sound – The basicsSound – The basicsWe hear things when they vibrate.

If something vibrates with a high frequency (vibrates very ______) we say it has a _____ pitch.

If something vibrates with a low frequency (vibrates ______) we say it has a ____ pitch.

The lowest frequency I could hear was…

Words – slowly, low, high, quickly

Drawing sounds…Drawing sounds…

This sound wave has a _____ frequency:

This sound wave has a ___ _frequency:

Drawing sounds…Drawing sounds…

This sound wave has a _____ amplitude (loud):

This sound wave has a _____ amplitude (quiet):

Hearing problemsHearing problems

Our hearing range can be damaged by several things:

1) Too much ear wax!

2) Damage to the auditory nerve

3) Illness or infections

4) Old age (not like Mr Richards)

Other sound effects…Other sound effects…

Like light, sound can be…

1) Reflected – sound reflections are called ______.

2) Refracted – this is why you might sound strange if you try talking underwater

The EarThe EarLabel your diagram with the following:

These bones are vibrated by the eardrum This tube carries the sound towards the eardrumThis part is used to help us keep our balanceThis part “picks up” the vibrationsThis part of the ear contains many small hairs with turn vibrations into an electrical signalThis part connects the ear to the mouthThis part “channels” the sound towards the ear drum

The EarThe Ear