SC’s Secession from the Union

8-4.3-- Analyze key issues that led to South Carolina’s secession from the Union, including the nullification controversy and John C. Calhoun, the

extension of slavery and the compromises over westward expansion, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the

Dred Scott decision, and the election of 1860

Missouri Compromise Missouri applies for statehood (1st time

a state had been admitted since the Louisiana Purchase)

Upset the balance of free & slave state votes in Senate

Compromise was reached- Missouri was admitted as a slave state, Main as free

What was the result of the Missouri Compromise?

(2:19)

Protective Tariffs What is a protective tariff? Benefited new industries in the North In SC, it raised the price of

manufactured goods SC bought from the north & Britain

Vice President John C. Calhoun- “South Carolina Exposition and

Protest”

Nullification Crisis

Calhoun claimed it was a state’s right to declare such a law unconstitutional and nullify it thought a special state convention

Nullifiers vs Unionists Calhoun resigned as VP & took a

position in the Senate where his voice was strong

President Andrew Jackson & the Force Bill

(1:19)

Theories of Secession & Nullification

The theory of secession, as an alternative to mere nullification of laws, allowed states to leave the United States if thy believed that their rights were being infringed upon.

Under this compact theory- states were more powerful than the federal union

Both theories would be disproven by the civil war

Mexican War

The California Territory became part of the US through the treaty that ended the Mexican War.

1849 Gold Rush Californians wanted their state to e

“free soil” they petitioned to enter as a free state

Resulted in the Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850

California is a free state Outlawed slave trade in Washington DC The rest of the Mexican Cession would

decide if they were free/slave by a vote by the residents (popular sovereignty)

Fugitive Slave Law› “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” by Harriet Beecher

Stowe

(5:26)

Kansas-Nebraska Act Located in the northern part of the

Louisiana Territory Missouri Compromise states it could not

be a slave state Politicians wanted a railroad to go through

Kansas, but needed southern support Repealed the 36 degree 30” line of the

Missouri Compromise Popular sovereignty for new states “Bleeding Kansas”

John Brown and bleeding Kansas Documentary (8:59)

Dred Scott Decision

(5:47)• Supreme Court attempt to end the controversy over the role of free states in determining g the status of the enslaved•“Once free, always free”•Constitution protects the owner of property from having the government take that property away•Also ruled that the Congress could not pass measures limiting the expansion of slavery in the territories•John Brown & Harper’s Ferry

Election of 1860 Republican Abraham Lincoln

campaigned on a platform of “free soil”

Lincoln was not an abolitionist in 1860

After his election, SC called a special convention and signed Articles of Secession › Claimed the rights of South

Carolinians had not been & would not be protected by the federal government… 6 other states seceded soon after

Video (2:29)