Membranes, Muscles, and Neurons

Section 3, Chapter 5

Types of Membranes

There are 4 types of membranes in the body 1. Serous Membrane 2. Mucous Membrane 3. Cutaneous Membrane 4. Synovial Membrane

Serous Membranes

A serous membrane (serosa) is a thin layer of cells (mesothelial cells) that lines the thoracic cavity & abdominal cavity

The parietal layer lines the body cavity and the visceral layer covers the organs.

A thin space between the two layers contains a thin layer of serous fluid that reduces the friction between organs

Serous Pericardium = serous membrane surrounding the heart

Pleura = serous membrane surrounding the lungs

Figure 1.11 Serous membranes of the heart and lungs

Peritoneum – Serous membrane that surround several abdominal organs

Figure 1.12 Serous membranes of the abdomen

A mucous membrane (mucosa) lines the cavities & tubes that open to outside

examples can be found lining the nasal & oral cavitydigestive, respiratory, and reproductive tracts

Some, but not all mucous membranes secrete mucus.

Mucous Membrane

Mucous membrane of the GI tract

Another name for the skin

The cutaneous membrane provides a protective coating for underlying organs.

Cutaneous Membrane

Synovial MembraneComposed entirely of connective tissue

The synovial membrane lines movable (synovial) joints.

It secretes a clear viscous fluid, called synovial fluid that lubricates the joints.

Muscular Tissues

Muscle tissue is specialized to contract and relax.

The three types of muscles include:1. skeletal muscle2. smooth muscle3. cardiac muscle

Skeletal Muscle

structure skeletal muscle cells are long and tubular, and contain several peripheral nuclei the cells are striated, i.e. alternating light and dark bands

functions voluntary movement of the skeleton

locations attached to bone or other connective tissue

Smooth Muscle

structure smooth muscle cells are tapered at the ends and form broad sheets. cells of smooth muscle are non-striated.

functions involuntary movements of substances through the body

locations walls of visceral organs: stomach, uterus, urinary bladder, intestines

blood vessels and iris of the eyes

Cardiac Muscle

• Located only within wall of the heart• Involuntary control• Striated• Branched cells with central nuclei• Intercalated discs

Nervous Tissue

• Locations = brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves• Regulates, coordinates, and integrates body activities• Cells = Neurons & Neuroglia

• Neurons transmit impulses• Neuroglia support neurons

End Section 3, Chapter 5