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Sentence StructureParts of Speech
DAY 1
Subject and Predicate
Before starting to write, you need to structure your sentences the correct way.
Every sentence has a subject and a predicate.
SubjectThe subject of a sentence tells you who we are talking about.
Look at the following sentence:
The subject is:
The eight planets orbit around the Sun.
The eight planets
SubjectThe most important word in the subject is the noun.
In the sentence:
The eight planets orbit around the Sun.
The noun is:
planets
NounsA noun is a word that tells a person, a place, a thing, or an animal.
Person: boy, girl, teacher, student, waitress, actor, politician, Sofía, Janet, Brian, etc.
Place: restaurant, school, house, library, store, Chilli´s, Soriana, Telmex.
Thing: book, cup, pencil, phone, cookies, Oreo, Mazapan Azteca, etc.
Animal: lion, zebra, dog, cat, monkey, Firulais, Toto, etc.
NounsNouns can be common or proper.
Common nouns tells about general non-specific nouns: school, boy, girl, cookies.
Proper nouns tells about a specific noun: Julia, Daniel, Oreo, Instituto de la Juventud, etc.
Nouns can be singular or plural.
Singular nouns name only one person, place, thing, or animal.
Plural nouns name two or more person, place, thing, or animal.
To form the plural:
Add –s in most nouns.
Add –es when the noun ends with sh, ch, s, x, z.
Change y to i and add –es.
Change f or fe to –ves.
Irregular Plural NounsSome nouns change the vowel sound when change to plural. For example:
Goose – geese
Man – men
Tooth – teeth
Mouse – mice
Some nouns don´t change at all when become plurals. Like: fish, deer, sheep, salmon, vacation, species.
Other irregular plural nouns:
Child – children
Ox - oxen
AdjectivesAn adjective is a word that describes the noun.
In English, the adjective usually comes before the noun or pronoun.
In the sentence:
The eight planets orbit around the Sun.
The adjective is eight.
Adjectives answer one of these three questions:
1. What kind is it?
2. How many are there?
3. Which one is it?
To make comparisons, you will use comparative or superlative adjectives.
Comparative adjectives: compares two nouns. Add –er to the adjective. Example: fast - faster
Superlative adjectives: compares more three or more nouns. Add –est to the adjective. Example: fast - fastest
Pronouns
A pronoun is a word that substitute the noun.
I, you, he, she, it, we, they.
Pronouns Pronouns as Subject
Pronouns as Object
Pronouns as
Possessive Adjective
Possessive Pronouns
Reflexive Pronoun
1st personSingular I Me My Mine myself
2nd personSingular You You Your Yours yourself
3rd personsingular
HeSheIt
HimHerIt
HisHerIts
HisHersIts
HimselfHerselfItself
1st person plural We Us Our Ours ourselves
2nd personplural You You Your Yours yourselves
3rd personplural They Them Their Theirs themselves
HomeworkLook for a newspaper or magazine article.
Read the article and identify all the parts of speech learnt today.
Make a list of all the nouns, common and proper, singular and plural (regular and irregular).
Make a list of the adjectives and identify how they are describing the noun.
Identify any comparative or superlative adjective.
Pronouns, identify them and tell what kind of pronoun are they.
Send your article and your homework to:
