- 1. Literature Review&Research Problems Session 2
2. Contents
- Role of related literature
- Steps of the literature review process
- Sources and search strategies
- Information analysis, synthesis and evaluation
3. Nature of research
- systematic investigationintorealityto gain knowledge
4. Three elements of research
- (1) a question, problem, or hypothesis,
- (3) analysis and interpretation of data.
5. Formulate research questions
- Characteristics of a GOOD Research Question
6. What type of research question is problematic?How to
haveasuccessfulpresentation? Should we applycredit systemin HULIS?
Is the participation level of second-year students at CFL, VNU in
group work satisfactory? What recommendationscanbe made for the
exploitation of humor by teachers in the foreign languageclassroom?
7. Contents
- Role of related literature
- Steps of the literature review process
- Sources and search strategies
- Information analysis, synthesis and evaluation
8. What is a literature review?
- An account of what has been published on a topic byresearchers,
scholars and practitioners
- A systematic method foridentifying, evaluating and
interpretingthe work produced by researchers, scholars and
practitioners
9. Why review the literature?
- Without it you will not acquire:
- an understandingof your topic, of what hasalready been doneon
it
- how it has beenresearched ,
10. Contents of Literature Review 11. Major reasons for
doingliterature review For planningPrimaryresearch As an endin
itself 12. Literature review for planning primary research
- An overall framework for where this piece of workfits inthebig
pictureof what is known about a topic from previous research
13. Literature review in the research process
- 8. Evaluate results and draw conclusions
1. Identify problem areas 2. Survey literature 3. Formulate
research questions 3. Survey literature 4. Construct research
design 5. Specify sources of data 6. Specify data collection &
data analysis procedures7. Execute research plan 14. Literature
review in relation to other steps Redefine the scope of research as
well as research questions Literature review Provide conceptual
frameworks for data collection & data analysis 15. To dogood
research DONT NEED TOKNOWEVERYTHING HAVE TO KNOWTHEUNKNOWN 16.
Identify what is unknown- Common rationale for research
- A flaw in previous research
- Research may have been conducted on a different population than
the one in which you are interested.
- Identify an ongoing edu. or psy. problem and propose studying
the effect of an innovative intervention
- Uncertainty about the interpretation of previous studies
findings.
17. Major reasons for doingliterature review For
planningPrimaryresearch As an endin itself 18. Show what is
known
- To inform practice or to provide a comprehensive understanding
about what is known about a topic
19. Literature review as an end
- to provide a comprehensive understanding of what is known about
a topic
20. Contents
- Role of related literature
- Steps of the literature review process
- Sources and search strategies
- Information analysis, synthesis and evaluation
21. Steps of the Literature Review process
- Looking at information sources
- Setting the topic in context
- Positioning the literature review
- Using information sources
- Writing the literature review
- Organizing information (information management)
22. A simple model
- Setting the topic in context
- Looking at information sources
- Using information sources
- Organizing information (information management)
- Positioning the literature review
- Writing the literature review
23. Contents
- Role of related literature
- Steps of the literature review process
- Sources and search strategies
- Information analysis, synthesis and evaluation
24.
- List as many document types as possible
25. Words
- DISSERTATION: a long piece of writing on a particular subject,
especially one written for a university degree
- PROCEEDINGS: the official written report of a meeting,
etc.
-
- E.g. His paper is published in the new issue of the proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences.
- MONOGRAPH: a detailed written study of a single subject,
usually in the form of a short book ( chuyn kho)
26. Types of publications
-
- Conference proceedings; Government reports
27. Define what you want to know
- Im looking for literature and data that focus on the f actors
influencing students participation in in-class group work
- Use this to choose search words and phrases
28. Define search words and phrases
- students participation in group work
- students participation in in-class group work
- speculated factors: motivation, culture etc.
29. Look at information sources
- Classification of information sources
- General sources : daily newspapers, news weeklies, magazines
etc.
- Secondary sources : books, reviews of research etc.
- Primary sources : journals, abstracts, scholarly books
etc.
30. Where?
31. http://scholar.google.com.vn/ 32. http://book.google.com/
33. http://www.eric.ed.gov/ 34. http://www.asian-efl-journal.com/
35. Contents
- Role of related literature
- Steps of the literature review process
- Sources and search strategies
- Information analysis, synthesis and evaluation
36. In-text Citation Rules (APA style)
- Use the Past Tense or Present Perfect when using signal phrases
to describe earlier research.
- Jones (1998) has found ...
37. In-text Citation Rules
- Follow the author-date method:
-
- at the end of the paper: a complete reference should appear in
the reference list
38. In-text Citation Rules
-
- Include the Author, Year, and Page Number as part of the
citation.
-
- A quotation < 40 words: quotation marks and incorporated
into the formal structure of the sentence.
-
- E.g. Patients receiving prayers had less congestive heart
failure, required less diuretic and antibiotic therapy, had fewer
episodes of pneumonia, hadfewer cardiac arrests, and were less
frequently incubated and ventilated (Byrd, 1988, p.829).
39. In-text Citation Rules
- A lengthier quotation of 40 or more words should appear
(without quotation marks) apart from the surrounding text, in block
format.
- Use () to indicate where you have omitted the authors
irrelevant words.
- E.g. Referring to communicative competence, Savignon (1997)
says:
-
-
-
- communicative competence is the expression, interpretation, and
negotiation of meaning; and communicative competence is always
context specific, requiring the simultaneous, integrated use of
grammatical competence, discourse competence, sociolinguistic
competence, and strategic competence(p.225)
40. Plagiarism
-
- uses someones words, ideas or information without referencing
them, i.e. presenting them as your own.
-
- is a very serious academic offence and leads to severe
penalties.
41. Plagiarism
- To avoid plagiarism, make sure you:
-
- Usequotation marksfor the extracts you copy directly from a
source andacknowledge the source .
-
- Use properparaphrasingandacknowledge the source .
-
- Keep carefulnotes of your sourcewhen you read. Keep
thebibliographical informationthat you will need to write a full
reference for the source.
42. Common mistakes
- Lack some of the required information
- Some sources are cited in text but are not listed in the
references
43. Reference List Rules
- Appear at the end of the paper.
- Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last name
of the first author of each work.
- Chronological by same author
44. Journal Article Reference
- Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of
article.Journal Title, Vol(no), pages.
- Wheelan, S. A. (2003). An Initial exploration of the internal
dynamics of leadership teams.Consulting Psychology Journal:
Practice & Research, 55 , 179-188.
45. Book Reference
- Author, A. A. (Year).Title of book(Edition). Location:
Publisher.
- Taylor, S. E. (2003). Health psychology(5th ed.). Boston:
McGraw-Hill.
46. Electronic source
- Author, A. A. (Year).Title of work.Retrieved Month Day, Year,
from source.
- American Psychological Association. (2003).Electronic
references . Retrieved March 21, 2005, from
http://www.apastyle.org/elecref.html.
47. Common mistakes
- The list is not arranged alphabetically
- Write the authors full name
48. 49. Practice
-
- Write references for the following documents in APA style
50. 51. Contents
- Role of related literature
- Steps of the literature review process
- Sources and search strategies
- Information analysis, synthesis and evaluation
52. Critical reading of materials on the Internet
- AUTHORSHIP/ PUBLISHING BODY
- AUTHORS PURPOSES AND INTENDED AUDIENCE
53. (1) AUTHORSHIP& PUBLISHING BODY
- What type of domain is it?
- How well-known is the site?
- What are the purpose of the site?
- Who is the author? Is he or she qualified/ competent enough to
write on the topic?
- Can the author be contacted?
- Is there a relation between the topic and the author?
54.
- SEVERAL TIPS AND TECHNIQUES
- TO ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS
55.
-
- http://en.wikipedia. org
:80/wiki/Special:Search?search=train&go=go
-
- http://www.silcom. com /~noster/
LOOK AT THE DOMAIN 56. Domain Hosts of the site Examples .edu an
education institution www.harvard.edu/ .gov a government agency
www.nasa.gov/ .net a network related organization
www.microsoft.com/net/ .com a commercial organization www.cnn.com/
.org a nonprofit and/or research organization http://www.w3.org/
57. MORE: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_nameBACK Domain
Geographical source Examples .ca Canada www.cbc. ca .uk United
Kingdom www.bbc.co. uk / .au Australia www.uq.edu. au / .jp Japan
www.japantimes.co. jp / .fr France www.lemonde. fr / 58. TRUNCATE
BACK THE URL
- http://www.crvp.org/book/Series03/III-16/chapter_xvii.htm
(1) http://www.crvp.org/book/Series03/III-16/ (2)
http://www.crvp.org/book/Series03/ (3) http://www.crvp.org/book/
(4) http://www.crvp.org/ 59.
http://www.crvp.org/book/Series03/III-16/chapter_xvii.htm 60.
http://www.crvp.org/ BACK 61. (2) AUTHORS PURPOSES & INTENDED
AUDIENCE
- What type of audience is the author addressing?
- Is the publication aimed at a specialized or a general
audience?
- Is this source too elementary, too technical, too advanced, or
just right for your needs?
62.
- The author and the relation between the author and the
information
- Striking facts and figures of the text
BACK 63. (3) CONTENT
- (3.4) Comprehensibility&User-friendliness
64. 3.1 ACCURACY
- Checking the information against other resources
CONTENT GRAMMAR, SPELLING, PUNCTUATIONBACK 65. 3.2
OBJECTIVITY
- Bias is a tendency to support or opposea particular person or
thingin an unfair waybyallowing personal
opinionstoinfluenceyourjudgment
- (Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, Oxford University Press,
2003).
66. OBJECTIVITY
- Detect the unchallenged assumptions
- Examine the balance of ideas
- Compare with other sources
BACK 67. 3.3 AUTHENTICITY
- CHECK AGAINTS OTHER SOURCES
68. 4. STRUCTURE
- Problem solving/ Problem - Solution
- (Background Analysis Recommendations)
69. 5. FORMAT & STYLE
- In what style has the material been written?
- How does the style influence your reaction to the material? Do
you think the style is appropriate for the information?
- Do you think that the style is consistently applied throughout
the information?
70. Critical reading of materials on the Internet
- AUTHORSHIP/ PUBLISHING BODY
- AUTHORS PURPOSES AND INTENDED AUDIENCE
71. Information processing
- Look for definitions, recurring themes, debates (conflicting
ideas)
- Make a content analysis of each definition/theme/debate
72. Contents
- Role of related literature
- Steps of the literature review process
- Sources and search strategies
- Information analysis, synthesis and evaluation
73. Structure of the LR
- Where do the key points for the literature review come
from?
- What are the characteristics of a good LR?
74. What do you need to do? Grouping texts according to the
similaritiesof their ideas or arguments Grouping studies that focus
onsimilar phenomenaor share similar methodologies 75. What do you
need to do? commenting on the main ideasthat feature in eachgroup
of texts or studies comparing and contrasting the different
studies, methodologies and identifying for the reader those which
have the greatest bearing on your own research indicating which
articles, methodologies will form the basis ofyour investigations
76. Where do the key points for the literature review come from?
77. How to structure the LR?
78. What are the characteristics of a good LR?
- It lays out what research has been done by othersrelevant to
your research aim/objectives
- It presents the work of others in aclear ,interesting
andprogressivemanner(to build up a coherent/logical picture)
- It provides evidence ofin-depth critical evaluation (i.e. to
show that YOU can give an opinion and support it with
argument/evidence).
79. What are the characteristics of a good LR?
- It highlightsemergingissues
- Itcites a variety of relevant sources properly (to show that
you are well read and scholarly in your approach).
80. A note on language
- Peters (1992)discoveredthat . . . (active)
- Itwas discoveredby Peters (1992) that . . . (passive)
81. A note on language Biggam (2008) 82. References
- Mertens, D. M. (2005).Research and evaluation in education and
psychology: integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative,
and mixed methods(2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.
- Phm Minh Tm (2007).Slides for theme 2:Literature review &
research problems . VNU, HULIS
- V Hi H (2007).Slides for session 2: Finding materials for
literature review . Research workshops for students of the English
Department.
- Doan Thi Thu Trang (2008).Slides for theme 2:Literature review
& research problems . VNU, HULIS
- Murray, N. & Hughes, G. (2008)Writing up your university
assignments and research projects . England: Open University
Press
- Biggam, J. (2008)Succeeding with your Masters Dissertation .
England: Open University Press
- Phung Ha Thanh (2008).Slides for theme 2:Literature review
& research problems . VNU, HULIS