• Natural gas• Unconventional• Found in certain types of shale rock• 200 – 1000 metre deep• Low permeability• Prevalent in the area• 95.5% Methane, 2.5% Ethane, 0.2%

Propane.• Large Domestic Source of energy

Three factors that have created the unconventional natural gas industry.

• Directional Drilling

• Hydraulic Fracturing

• High well prices

Shale Gas

USGS

Deposited over 350 Million years ago.

Shale Gas

1.Leasing land2.Exploration3.Drilling

Hydraulic fracturingHorizontal drilling

4.Collecting5.Restoration

Most critics support the production of natural gas from Shale Gas.

analysts expect shale gas will greatly expand worldwide energy supply

Unconventional gas production is expected to rise from 42% in 2007 to 64% in 2013

There is enough shale to support future needs for 100 years

• However, not everyone agrees with natural gas production from Shale gas.

• Water agencies and citizens around shale regions are concerned about: availability of water supplies needed for gas production waste water disposal

• There are cases of benzene contamination in well water• Critics believe hydraulic fracturing allows chemicals to

leak into the groundwater

Global Distribution of Shale gas

Global Distribution of Shale gas1. China

2. Argentina

3. Algeria

4. United States

5. Canada

6. Mexico

7. Australia

8. South Africa

9. Russia

10. Brazil

With current technology only about 10% of shale gas is recoverable

• Pollution of Groundwater

• Wildlife Impacts

• Community Impacts

• Surface Disturbances ( earthquake )

Chemicals are added to water to aide in fracturing the rockThis adds to the amount of contaminated ground water

Water is stored in above ground ponds until it can be removed or injected back into the earth for Hydraulic fracturing.

Reduce, Reuse, Recycle In using this technique researchers are trying to find a

way to cut down on water pollution

It takes 2 million to 4 million gallons of water to drill and fracture a horizontal shale gas well

New Techniques are developingResearchers want this water to be clean enough to be

used for other purposes as well

This way shale-gas associated water can be considered a resource of its own

Gas development can adversely affect animal habitat and wildlife.

They can drill underneath sensitive areas like wetlands to reduce wildlife disturbances.

There are certain Community issues that can ariseDamage to roads - Traffic congestionNoiseDust

It takes intense planning to ensure that these factors have the smallest impact possible

• Vertical wells can require up to 40 acres per well

• Horizontal wells take up much less space and are more efficient.

Natural Gas is the cleanest of all fossil fuelsCan reduce the emissions of pollutants into the

atmosphere

The main products of natural gas combustion are carbon dioxide and water vaporCarbon dioxide is a less potent pollutant

• Natural gas does not contribute much to smog• Emits low levels of nitrous

oxide and almost no particulate matter

• Can be used to fuel vehicles• Cut down on the emissions

from gasoline and diesel.

PRO

Means more jobs

Less pollution

There is money to be had

May cause lower prices for fuel in the future

CONThere are many development

issues when it comes to shale gas

People don’t necessarily want their land dug up

Wildlife advocates worry about the disturbance of habitats

PROGreater energy security

More money to be had by local and state governments

Allows for less dependence on foreign oil

Shale Gas can be developed in America

CONIn developing a shale gas there

are a lot of factors that need to be taken into consideration.

There is an abundance of paperwork a contractor needs to go through to get the approval to harvest shale gas.

Significance of shale gas as alternative source of energy worldwide

Increasing oil/gas price Declining conventional oil/gas reserves necessitate unconventional reserves

supplementation to meet demand- supply gap Big discoveries of shale gas in the United States Large untapped resource of Shale Gas available Earlier shale gas wells drilled vertical and non-profitable due to very less permeability

& producibility Introduction of improved modern technologies viz. Horizontal Drilling & Hydro

Fracture

• Although shale gas is one of the fastest growing trends in onshore oil and gas exploration there is still a long way to go!

• Better, more efficient technology needs to be obtained.

• Each gas shale basins is different and each has a unique set operational challenges.

Probable Shale Gas exploration

in India

Indian Scenario

Prospective Shale gas deposits in India

Huge shale deposits in basins of Gondwana, Cambay, Assam-Arakan, Krishna Godavari, Cauvery, Rajasthan:

Damodar valley - in the Gondwana basins. Cambay shales - in Gujarat. Krishna Godavari Basin in Assam-Arakan Basin - Disang, Kopili, Disang & Barail Coal Shale in Assam

Bokabil & Bhuban Shales in Tripura Cauvery Basins Rajasthan - in Jaisalmer basin).

SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

• Shale Gas exploitation is no longer uneconomic - improved technology. Demand and preference for clean form of gas has made Shale Gas, a well sought after energy.

• Reserve accretion, production & development world over is rapidly increasing.

• India also has development of prolific matured shale distributed in different sedimentary basins e.g. Damodar Valley, Cambay, Assam-Arakan, Krishna-Godavari, Cauvery and Rajasthan.

• Vast shale deposits with high TOC and maturity value in the above mentioned sedimentary basins with available improved modern technologies can make India a top player of Shale Gas.