Slavery Compromises How should the issue of

slavery be addressed within the new territories?

Do Now: How should the issue of slavery be addressed within the new territories?

The Missouri Compromise 1820The territory of Missouri’s request for admission to the Union as a slave state, threatened to upset the balance between 11 slave states and 11 free states.To keep the peace and balance between free and slave, Congress created a 2-part compromise;

• Allowing Missouri to be slave state• Admitting Maine as a free state

• It also drew an imaginary line establishing a boundary between free and slave regions.

1820

Henry Clay• Senator Henry Clay

suggested drawing a line at the 36º-30' N. latitude.

• Slavery would be banned everywhere north of this line.

In 1820, Henry Clay negotiated the Missouri Compromise

Missouri became a slave state

Maine broke from Massachusetts

& became a free state

Slavery was outlawed in all western territories above the

latitude of 36°30'

Slave states v. Free states

• California admitted as a free state• New Mexico and Utah territory

organized on basis of popular sovereignty (the people in the states will vote to decide.)

• Fugitive Slave Act made federal government responsible for catching & returning escaped slaves

• Slave trade (but not slavery) abolished in Washington DC

The Compromise of 1850

The Compromise of 1850 solved the sectional dispute between North & South

California entered as a free

state

The people of Utah & New Mexico

could vote to allow or ban

slavery (popular sovereignty)

A stronger Fugitive Slave Law was created that

allowed Southerners to recapture slaves in the

North

The slave trade ended

in Washington

DC

Slave states v. Free states

1850

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) • The remaining Louisiana territory was split into 2 territories (Kansas and Nebraska) and organized on basis of popular sovereignty (people decided whether to keep or abolish slavery in Kansas and Nebraska)

Fight in Congress!• Charles Sumner, a Senator from

Massachusetts attacked the authors of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, Senators Stephen Douglas and Andrew Butler in a speech he delivered in the Senate.

• Sumner also made fun of Butler's speaking ability, which had been impeded by a recent stroke…

• Representative Preston Brooks, Butler’s cousin was infuriated and decided to defend his cousin by beating Summer with his walking cane. Summer almost died from the beating.

Summer is almost killed!

Brooks Beats Sumner

Bleeding Kansas• Anti-slavery (poor farmers who

couldn’t compete with plantation slave-owners) and pro-slavery were not able to come to an agreement…

• “Bleeding Kansas”: the disagreement turned into a bloody conflict with riots and murder

Free-soilers from Kansas voted against

slavery

Thousands of pro-slavery Missouri

residents crossed the border & voted for

slavery

The vote revealed a pro-slavery victory which led to a violent civil

war in KansasThis incident became known as

“Bleeding Kansas”

The Kansas-Nebraska ended the Missouri Compromise

Slave states v. Free states

Abraham Lincoln, Speech

delivered in 1858 in Illinois

“A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure, permanently, half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved — I do not expect the house to fall — but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other.”

Do you agree with Abraham Lincoln?

Was the Civil War inevitable

?